2l8 



Table 238. 

 LINEAR EXPANSION OF THE ELEMENTS. 



In the heading of the columns / is the temperature or range of temperature; C is the coefficient of linear expansion; 

 Ai is the authority forC; M is the mean coefficient of expansion between o° and ioo° C; a and /3 are the coefficients 

 in the equation li = k{i + at + /3(2), where lo is the length at o" C and It the length at t° C; A2 is the authority for 

 o, /S, and M. See footnote for Molybdenum and Tungsleu. 



Substance. 



Aluminum 



Antimony: \\ to axis. 

 _L to axis 

 Mean. . . . 



Arsenic 



Bismuth: II to a.^s... 



_L to axis. . 



Mean 



Cadmium 



Carbon: Diamond . . . 



Gas carbon . 



Graphite. . . 



Anthracite. . 



Cobalt 



Copper 



Gold..;;;;;!!;;!;;; 



Indium 



Iridium 



Iron: Soft 



Cast 



Cast 



Wrought 



Steel 



Steel annealed . 



Lead 



Lead (cast) 



Magnesium 



Nickel 



Osmium 



Palladium 



Phosphorus 



Platinum 



Potassium 



Rhodium 



Ruthenium 



Selenium 



Silicon 



Silver 



Sodium 



Sulphur: Cryst. mean 



Tellurium 



Thallium 



Tin 



Zinc 



Zinc (cast) 



40 

 600 

 -191 to +16 



40 

 40 

 40 

 40 



40 



40 

 40 

 40 



40 

 40 

 40 

 40 

 40 

 40 

 -191 to +16 



40 



— 170 



40 

 18 

 40 

 40 



-191 to +16 

 — 18 to 100 



40 

 40 

 40 



-170 

 40 

 40 



-191 to +16 



40 

 40 



0-40 



40 



0-50 

 40 

 40 

 40 

 40 

 40 



-191 to +16 

 o to 90 



40 

 40 

 40 

 40 

 40 

 -170 



ex io4 



0.2313 

 0.3150 

 0.1835 



o. 1692 



0.0S82 

 O.II52 

 O.OS59 



o. 1621 

 o. 1208 

 0.1346 

 0.3069 



O.OII8 

 0.0540 

 0.0786 

 o. 2078 

 0.1236 



0.1678 



o. 1409 



0.1443 



0.II7 

 0.4170 



0.088 



O. I2IO 



o. 1061 



0.0850 



o. 1140 

 o. 1322 

 o.rogs 

 0.2924 

 o. 24 

 o. 2694 



0.1279 



O. IOI2 

 0.0657 



o. 1176 

 1.2530 

 0.0899 

 0.8300 

 0.0850 

 0.0963 

 O.36S0 

 0.0763 

 c. 1921 



0.1704 



2. 26 



0.6413 



0.1675 



0.3021 



0.2234 



o. 2918 

 o. 190 



M X io> 



0.1056 



0.1316 

 0.3159 



0.1666 



0.1470 



o. 1089 

 o. 2709 



o. 261 



0.6604 



1. 180 

 0.3687 



o. 2296 

 0.2976 



a X io< 



•23536 



.1167 

 .2693 



.16070 

 .1358 



.1170S 

 ■09173 

 .1038 

 • 273 



. 13460 



.11670 

 .0S868 



.18270 



.2033 



.2741 



/3Xio8 



.00707 



.0149 

 .0466 



.0016 



.oi8s 

 . 00403 

 .0112 



■003254 

 .008336 

 .0052 



• 0074 



.002187 

 .001324 



.0263 

 • 0234 



16 



References: (i) Fizeau; (2) Calvert, Johnson and Lowe; (3) Chatelier; (4) Henning; (5) Dittenberger; 

 (6) Matthiessin; (7) Andrews; (8) Holborn-Day; (9) Benoit; (10) Pisati and De Franchis; (11) Hagen; (12) 

 Spring; (13) Day and Sosman; (14) Griffiths; (15) Dorsey; (16) Griineisen. 



Tungsten: (L - Lo)/Lo = 4.44 X io-<(r - 300) + 45 X io-i'(r - 300)2 + 2.20 X io-w(r - 300)^. Lo = length 

 at 300° K. Coefficient at 300° K = 4.44 X io-«; 1300° K, 5.19 X io-«; 2300° K, 7.26 X io-«. Worthing, Phys. Rev. 

 1917- 



Molybdenum: Lt = Lo(x + 5. isl X lo'^ + ooo'^yoP X lo'O), for 19° to— 142° C; = io(i + S-Oi/ X io~« + 

 0.00138/2 X 10-6), for 19° to + 305° C; Schad and Hidnert. Phys. Rev. 1919. 



The Holborn-Day and Sosman data are for temperatures from 20° to 1000° C. The Dittenberger, 0° to 600° C. 



Smithsonian Tables 



