244 



Tables 266-268. 

 TABLE 265. — Additional Data on Explosives. 



Explosive. 

 (Ref. Young, Nature, 102, 216, 1918.) 



Gunpowder 



Nitroglycerine 



Nitrocellulose, 13% Nj 



Cordite, Mk. I. (NG, 57; NC, 38; Vaseline, 5 

 Cordite, MD (NG, 30; NC,6s; Vaseline, s).. 

 Ballistite (NG, so; NC, so; SUbilizer, 5) . . . 

 Picric acid (Lyddite) 



Vol. gas 

 per g in 

 cc = F 



280 

 741 

 923 

 871 

 888 

 817 

 877 



Calories 

 per 



e = Q 



738 

 1652 



931 

 1242 

 103 1 

 1349 



810 



Coefficient 

 = QV 



207 

 1224 



8S9 

 1082 



91S 

 1102 



710 



Coefficient 

 GP = I 



Calculated 

 Temperature 



Q/C 



C, sp. ht. gases 



= 0.24 



2240 

 6880 

 3876 

 SI7S 

 4225 

 S621 

 337S 



Shattering power of explosive = vol. gas per g X cals./g X Fd X density where Vd is the velocity of detonation. 



Trinitrotoluene: Vd = 7000 m/sec. Shattering effect = .87 picric acid. 



Amatol (Ammonium nitrate + trinitrotoluene, TNT): Vd = 45°° m/sec. 



Ammonal (Ammonium nitrate, TNT, Al): 1578 cal/g; 682 cc gas; Vd = 4000 m/sec. 



Sabulite (Ammonium nitrate, 78, TNT 8, Ca silicide 14): about same as ammonal. 



TABLE 266. — Ignition Temperatures Gaseous Mixtures. 



Ignition temperature taken as temperature necessary for hot body immersed in gas to cause ignition; slow com- 

 bination may take place at lower temperatures. McDavid, J. Ch. Soc. Trans, in, 1003, 1917. Gases were mixed 

 with air. Practically same temperatures as with O2 (Dixon, Conrad, loc. cit. gs. 1909)- 



Benzene and air 1062° C 



Coal gas and air 878 



CO and air 931 



Ether and air 1033° C 



Ethylene and air 1000 



Hyorogen and air 747 



TABLE 267. — Time of Heating for Explosive Decomposition. 



Temperature ° C. 



Time. 



Black powder 



Smokeless powder A 

 Smokeless powder B 

 Celluloid Pyroxylin. 

 Collodion cotton . . . 



Celluloid* 



Safety matches 



Parlor matches 



Cotton wool 



« 



600 

 190 

 170 

 870 

 160 



n 



n 



180 



n 



iQS 

 130 



60 

 i6s 

 100 

 340 



n 



67 

 60 

 240 



4S 

 90 

 21 

 56 

 50 



SQO 



23 

 25 

 9 

 18 

 30 

 60 



Ignition temperature. 



°Ct 



'Ct 



440 

 300 



300 

 59° 



n, failure to explode in twenty minutes. * The decomposition of nitrocellulose in celluloid commences at about ; 

 100° C; above that the heat of decomposition may raise the mass to the ignition point if loss of heat is prevented, j 

 Above 170°, decomposition occurs with explosive violence as with nitrocellulose. Rate of combustion is s to 10 times | 

 that of poplar, pine, or paper of the same size and conditions. \ 



i Measured by contact with porcelain tube of given temperature. Average. 



J Measured by contact with molten lead. Average. 



Taken from Technologic Paper of Bureau of Standards, No. 98, 1917. 



TABLE 268. — Flame Temperatures. 



Measures made with optical pyrometer by F6ry, J. da Phys. (4) 6, 1907. 



Alcohol, with NaCl 



Bunsen flame, no air. . . . 



Bunsen flame, i air.. . . . . 



Bunsan flame, full air.. . . 



Illuminating gas-oxygen . 



170S°C 



1712 



i8ia 



1871 



2200 



Hydrogen flame . . . 

 Hydrogen-oxygen . . 

 Acetylene burner . . 

 Acetylene-oxygen. . 

 Cooper-Hewfit Hg . 



1900° C 

 2420 



2458 

 3000 

 3S0O 



Smithsonian Tables. 



