36 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 6l 



arity of the long horns of some females of the white species, is the 

 straight or forward pitch, which is often carried to such an extreme 

 that in feeding the tip of the horn rests on the ground and is worn 

 smooth on its outer face by contact with the soil. 



Captain Speke is apparently the first explorer to record the square- 

 lipped rhinoceros from north of the Zambesi, but his records were 

 based on mistaken identity and refer to the black species. He speaks 

 in his journal * of the killing of both white and black rhinoceroses in 

 Karague, a province of German East Africa lying immediately west 

 of the Victoria Nyanza. The figures of the heads of the white 

 rhinoceros which he has published with his text are, however, clearly 

 the pointed lipped black form. Grant" in his account of the species 

 of game observed on the journey quotes Speke on the square-lipped 

 rhinoceros, and then follows with a description of the differences 

 between it and the black species, laying great stress on the enlarged 

 front horn of this species, but also mentioning the lip differences. It 

 is apparent that these explorers, although being aware of the lip 

 differences, confounded the two species by using horn differences for 

 their classification, thus applying the name of white rhinoceros to all 

 the specimens of the black species which carried long anterior horns. 



More recent explorers 3 who have travelled through Karague have 

 found rhinoceroses very abundant in this district, but they have found 

 them to be the common black species. 



GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE 



The square-nosed rhinoceros is found at the present time in a wild 

 state only in the Lado Enclave and the Bahr-el-Ghazal province of 

 equatorial Africa. In the south there are a few (some ten individuals) 

 strictly preserved on an estate in Zuzuland where they live under 

 fairly normal conditions. These are the survivors in South Africa of 

 the immense numbers of this species which once inhabited the country 

 lying between the Orange and the Zambesi rivers. 



In the Lado Enclave thev are confined to the immediate vicinity of 



1 John Hanning Speke, Journal of the discover}- of the source of the Nile, 

 Edinburg and London, 1863, pp. 197, 229. 



2 J. A. Grant, Summary of Observations on the geography, climate and 

 natural history of the Lake Region of Equatorial Africa, made by the Speke 

 and Grant Expedition, 1860-1863, Journ. Roy. Geogr. Soc, Vol. 42. London. 

 1872, p. 328. 



3 Delme Radcliffe, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1905, part I, p. 185. 

 8 Scott-Elliot, a naturalist in mid Africa, 1896, p. 248. 



