SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 6l 



daily to thank His Excellency the President of Peru, who person- 

 ally granted the needed permits for the exploration ; to Sr. Luis 

 Felipe Paz Soldan, the Director de Gobierno, who assisted the writer 

 with the permits and in other matters ; to the Hon. Ministro de 

 Fomento, and the Srs. Ingenieros Jose Bravo and C. W. Sutton, 

 who rendered valuable aid in more than one direction ; to Mr. H. 

 Clay Howard, the U. S. Minister at Lima, who gave much official 

 and friendly aid with the Peruvian authorities ; to W. R. Grace & Co., 

 both at New York and at Lima, who helped the expedition very 

 materially with introductions and in facilitating the transport of the 

 collections; to Sr. Miro Quesada. editor of " El Comercio," for his 

 kind recommendations to the President of Peru in regard to the 

 expedition ; to the excellent friends, Senator Sr. Victor Larco, of 

 Trujillo, and Sr. Enrique Fracchia, of Lomas, without whose gen- 

 erous aid a large part of the work in the Chan-Chan and the Nasca 

 regions could not have been accomplished ; to the family Tello, of 

 Huarochiri, to the members of which the writer is indebted for many 

 favors ; and last but not least to Messrs. Otto Holstein and R. H. 

 McGeary, officials, respectively, of the Central and North Eastern 

 Peruvian Railroads, who assisted with transportation and in other 

 directions. And these names by no means complete the list of those 

 who unselfishly helped in one way or another toward the success of 

 the trying work. 



The principal objects of the trip were, to determine, as far as pos- 

 sible, the anthropological relation of the mountain people with those 

 of the coast ; to make further studies regarding the distribution of 

 the coast type ; to determine the type of the important Nasca group 

 of people; and to extend the writer's researches on Indian and 

 especially pre-Columbian pathology. Advance was made along 

 all these lines, although the limits or final words were not reached 

 in any case. The earlier conclusions of the writer were in the main 

 corroborated, but the new facts add details and show exceptions. 

 With regard to the mountain regions, much remains for future 

 determination. As to the pathology of the native Peruvians before 

 contact with the whites, the main work can perhaps now be regarded 

 as done, or nearly so, though individual variation in different morbid 

 processes seems inexhaustible, and much in this line will doubtless 

 appear in further collections. 



The total skeletal material examined on this journey was enor- 

 mous, the collections alone filling over 30 cases. No excavation, how- 

 ever, was undertaken, attention being restricted, on the coast, to the 



