NO. 15 ANTHROPOLOGIC AI. WORK |\ PERL- — HRDLICKA 5 



rich region, from which shorter trips were undertaken in several 

 directions. At San Damian, Dr. J. C. Tello, who had been ap- 

 pointed by one of the ministries as a companion, met the writer, 

 who with him proceeded to Huarochiri, whence again a number of 

 trips were made into the neighborhood. Then, with the rainy season 

 making further travel in the mountains out of question, our small 

 party returned by the more southern route to the coast. The rapid 

 observations made on this journey under difficult climatic and other 

 conditions were as follows : 



Cajamarquilla. — The extensive ruins known by this name lie in 

 a nook of the foothills rising at the northern limits of the Rimac 

 Valley, approximately 18 miles east of Lima, and about five miles 

 from the little station of Santa Clara on the Peruvian Central Rail- 

 way. They have not as yet been thoroughly investigated, though 

 partially explored by Squier, 1 Middendorf 2 and Uhle 3 and visited 

 by Dr. Charles W. Currier, 4 Mr. M. H. Saville and other archeolo- 

 gists. According to Squier's estimate, the ruins cover nearly a 

 square league. The structures are all of adobe, and have suffered 

 considerably from climatic conditions and earthquakes. They are 

 not very imposing, but their extent shows that the city must have 

 harbored at one time a very numerous population. Contrasted with 

 this is the relative scarcity of cemeteries. Burial grounds, one large 

 and one small, have been located just south of the ruins on the plain 

 and one exists on the top of a hill to the north. There seems but 

 little chance that any extensive burial grounds have thus far escaped 

 notice, and these cemeteries together are so disproportioned to the 

 probable population of the town, that, as cremation or distant burials 

 were not practiced, there seems to be only one explanation for these 

 conditions, namely, a rapid building and a brief occupation of the 

 town. No historical mention of the place is known ; a vague tradition 

 in the valley ascribes the town to the " reconcentrados " during the 

 early part of the Spanish dominion, while Uhle found that the arche- 

 ological contents of the graves represent several cultures. The writer 

 led by the dueno of the hacienda Nieveria, to which these lands be- 

 long, visited the two cemeteries on the plain, found numerous skulls 



1 Squier, E. George: Peru, etc., 8vo, New York, 1877, pp. 91-97. 



* Middendorf, E. W. : Peru, Vol. 2, Berlin, 1894, p. 74. 



* Uhle, Max : Ueber die Friihculturen in der Umgebung von Lima. Trans. 

 Intern. Congr. Americanists, Wien. 1909, p. 362; also a map (No. 2, Distribu- 

 tion de las Varias Civilisaciones en el Valle de Lima), Lima, 1907. 



4 Currier, Charles Warren: The Dead City of Cajamarquilla. Bull. Pan- 

 American Union, Washington, August, 1912, pp. 301-308. 



