NO. IO ANTHROPOLOGICAL WORK IX PERU — HRDLICKA 7 



Sr. Lizardo Montes, an ex-prefect of the district of Huarochiri and 

 a 20-year sufferer from the dread " wart " disease, for a collection of 

 skeletal material. The results were about 30 crania and a box of 

 other bones of the skeleton. Sr. Montes reported that all the sites 

 examined have been found despoiled by those who hunted for 

 valuables, and in many instances the skeletal remains had been 

 thrown out from the caves and were found broken and more or 

 less decomposed on the side of the mountain. Of the 30 crania 

 collected, one showed trephining'. Xone of them presented any 

 deformation, and a large majority belong to the same oblong type 

 as that represented in the Huarochiri collection at Harvard. 



San Damian was found to be a fair-sized and picturesque village 

 situated on the shoulder of a mountain, at an elevation greater than 

 that of Matucana and probably not far short of 9,000 feet (pi. 2, 

 fig. 1 ) . The place is surrounded on all sides by mountain masses 

 and peaks, separated by more or less deep " quebradas." Washing 

 the foot of the promontory on which the village stands winds a 

 branch of the Rio Lurin. The summits of the mountains rise from 

 10,000 to over 13,000 feet in height, and many of the lower ones 

 show ruins, ancient fortifications, or burials. The canyons are for 

 the most part so narrow, unhealthy and difficult of penetration, that 

 the ancient inhabitants of these regions were obliged to search 

 for more favorable spots on the heights; they terraced the fertile 

 mountain sides for fields ; they fortified some of the more inacces- 

 sible summits ; and they buried in caves, crevices or rock shelters, 

 which were walled up when no more used, or in peculiar long low 

 stone houses, constructed near the settlements and on high elevations 

 in the neighborhood. The present inhabitants (pi. 5, fig. 1), all of 

 whom are of mixed blood, but some of whom doubtless descend from 

 the former Indians of these regions, have taken the terrace fields as a 

 heritage and continue their cultivation in what is probably the old 

 manner (pi. 2, fig. 2 ; pi. 5, fig. 2) . Such " andenes " are found in all 

 parts of the district of Huarochiri, at various localities in the canyon 

 of the Rimac, and in all neighboring territory as well as in a great 

 many other parts of the mountainous regions in Peru. They are 

 often exceedingly picturesque, with their well-made supporting walls, 

 green-lined acequias, rich black earth, and fresh crops of corn, 

 alfalfa, wheat, or potatoes. 



There are indications that at the time of the conquest, or just 

 before, the population of this territory was larger than at the present 

 time. The cultivation of the difficult terraines, it is seen, was more 



