IO SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 6] 



stones were filled with earth, and sometimes the whole surface of 

 the stone roof was evidently covered with earth or sod. In some in- 

 stances the roof was left very low and quite flat, but in others the 

 A-shape is well marked. In one of the sides there would be, at the 

 level of the ground, one, two or even three doorways, according to 

 the size of the house, through which a man could just crawl. Some 

 of the longer houses were divided into two and even three compart- 

 ments by a secondary stone wall on the inside, and the floor was gen- 

 erally lowered below the level of the outside ground. 



These burial houses, as well as burial caves, often served for 

 secondary communal burials, but besides this, individual bodies were 

 also placed in them in the contracted position, and in some instances, 

 as later seen near Huarochiri, all of the burials in a given mortuary 

 house might be of this nature. The bones or bodies were placed 

 close together and scantily covered with earth up to the level of 

 the outside ground ; above this they were evidently laid in without 

 any covering. 



Some of the largest burial houses seen at the Five Peaks each 

 contained the remains of over one hundred individuals, while the 

 smallest ones might not shelter the bones of more than two or 

 three bodies. None were found filled to their capacity, and a few 

 were almost empty. Their position and arrangement seldom showed 

 anything noteworthy; at the " Cinco Cerros " however, there ex- 

 isted in the midst of a group of such houses a moderate-sized square, 

 which may have served for ceremonies, and one isolated burial house 

 at the same place was found surrounded by a circle of single larger 

 stones. When a burial house was no longer used — and the same 

 is true of the burial caves — the doorways (or mouth in the case of 

 the caves) were walled up. 



These stone houses seem to the writer to be nothing but modi- 

 fications of the well-known chullpas found in the highlands 

 farther eastward, and this opinion was corroborated by what has 

 since been found by Drs. Tello and CI. Palma in another part of the 

 district of Huarochiri (pi. 4). They show various modifications in 

 different parts of Peru (pi. 18) and, modified by environment, they 

 become the stone or adobe burial chambers or pits found in some 

 parts of the coast region. 



Huarochiri (pi. 5, fig. 2). — From San Damian the writer pro- 

 ceeded, through a territory less rich in and in some parts wholly de- 

 void of ancient remains, to the valley of Huarochiri. This with the 

 neighboring elevations was found to be a beautiful and picturesque 



