NO. l8 ANTHROPOLOGICAL WORK IN PERU HRDL1CKA II 



region, even richer in ruins and other remains of the past than San 

 Damian. The ruins exist in every direction from the present town, 

 and several of them represent large ancient settlements. This is 

 especially true of those on the hill overlooking Huarochiri on the 

 north, those occupying the surface of a low, long mesa about three 

 miles down the valley, and some to the southeast, at some distance 

 f r< mi San Pedro. A number of the ruins on the north side of the river 

 were examined by the writer in company either with Dr. Tello or the 

 gobernador of Huarochiri. Those of the two large settlements men- 

 tioned above, that to the north and that down the valley, showed the 

 remains of numerous stone walls of houses, enclosures and ter- 

 races, with a series of formerly walled-up burial caves (pi. 6), and 

 of half ruined and now empty burial bouses. The habitations 

 were built throughout of moderate-sized uncut stones, and with 

 a few exceptions the workmanship was rather mediocre. 



More interesting conditions were found at a locality known as 

 Lupo, situated on the northern slopes of the valley about 10 miles 

 up the river Rio Mala from Huarochiri. There were no ruins of 

 dwellings, but numerous burials existed under some huge bowlders 

 strewn over the slope ; and farther up, at a distance of a few hundred 

 yards, in a range of scarcely approachable rock shelters, there were 

 over a score of burial houses, looking very much like cliff dwellings. 



A most interesting group of these houses was encountered on 

 the second visit to the locality. After a perilous descent, before 

 which the natives provided themselves with ample quantities of 

 coca and cigarettes, supposed to antagonize the injurious effects 

 resulting from the showing and especially handling the old human 

 remains, we reached, partly with the help of a lasso, a long narrow 

 shelf in the nearly vertical rock cliff, and there in the shallow shelter 

 found a row of nine burial houses. The fundamental characteris- 

 tics of these were the same as in the case of those about San 

 Damian. but they were shorter, higher, divided by cross slabs into 

 two stories, and with flat roofs made of stone slabs and earth. The 

 walls were well constructed of uncut stone. Between the three 

 more proximate and the six more distant houses, there was an in- 

 terval behind and above which the wall was much blackened by 

 fire ; and on the wall above the house, well out of reach, were seen 

 large marks in red, plainly made by the aborigines. Under these 

 unintelligible marks in one place was a cross, with a lower branch 

 longer than the three others, as among the Catholics, traced by pig- 

 ment like that used in the large painted symbols or figures above the 



