12 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 6l 



houses, and probably contemporaneous. This makes it possible 

 that these particular burials date from the early era after the 

 Spanish invasion. Nothing was found with the bodies that would 

 demonstrate a contact with the whites, but this cannot be regarded 

 as a proof that the burial place was pre-Columbian. There can be 

 no question but that numerous burial places, both in the mountains 

 and along the coast, are post-Columbian, for the natives did not dis- 

 appear immediately after the whites came, nor did they at once give 

 up their old cemeteries or methods of burial ; and a large majority 

 of them doubtless died in the earlier times after the Spanish inva- 

 sion without any chance to acquire such articles of white man's 

 manufacture as would be interred with them and persist to the 

 present time. 



The burial houses now visited, though in better condition than 

 those of similar nature seen lower in the Huarochiri Valley, never- 

 theless also showed the effects of marauders. Not one was intact. 

 The walls and especially the ceilings were in many places broken 

 down, and many of the bones and mummies that originally, according 

 to all accounts, existed here, had doubtless been thrown over the cliff 

 and lay broken in fragments below. Nevertheless, a number of 

 naturally preserved mummies with crude wrappings were still en- 

 countered, as well as a considerable quantity of bones and upward of 

 30 crania, one of the latter showing a remarkable example of trepa- 

 nation by scraping. This ruin yielded, besides the skeletal remains, 

 a few gourds, some decorated by burning ; several rawhide sandals, 

 almost identical in style with those still used by the common people 

 in these regions ; and a " liburi " or " bola," a lasso with three 

 irregular and rather small but heavy metal balls, a weapon much like 

 that used by the Patagonians. Among the bones was a humerus 

 showing a clean amputation, which, as amputation of bones was un- 

 known to the prehistoric Indian, strengthens the supposition that 

 these burials were post-Columbian. 



On the whole the exploration in the environs of Huarochiri, which 

 regrettably was soon terminated by the advancing rainy season, 

 showed the following: 



In pre-Columbian and probably the early Spanish times the region 

 was thickly peopled. But the inhabitants were evidently for the 

 most part poor and had not made much advance in architecture or 

 in other lines of material culture. 



Anthropologically, the people of this region show again two cranial 

 types, the more oblong one, which seems to be characteristic of a 



