NO. l8 ANTHROPOLOGIC \l. WORK IX PERU — HRDL1CKA I ,} 



large part of the central western sierra, and a more rounded one, 

 related and possibly identical with the prevailing type on the coast 

 In some of their ruins, one of these types is seen to predominate and 

 in others the other, but in most instances there is also present some 

 mingling- and probably intermixture. 



Artificial deformation of the head has not been practiced by any 

 of the people of the Huarochiri Valley ; rarely, however, a skull 

 will be found showing the circular or " Aymara " compression and 

 one specimen was brought from some distance with a typical front. >- 

 occipital flattening such as met with along the coast. 



As in the neighborhood of San Damian, the people were rather 

 well built, with good though not excessive musculature. Remains 

 of very tall and again very short individuals were not met with 

 Diseases, at least such as would leave marks on the skull or bones, 

 were very scarce and the same is true of injuries, except those of 

 the head. In regard to the latter, fractures of the skull ranging 

 from small impressions to a complete fragmentation were quite 

 common, as about San Damian. There doubtless had been consider- 

 able fighting in the entire district of Huarochiri. Some broken 

 skulls also indicate falls down the precipices. 



Wounds of the head frequently were treated by trepanation, and 

 this was often successful ; but the local medicine men were evidently 

 not well versed in the treatment of fractures of the long bones or 

 other surgical procedure. 



The exploration in the entire district of Huarochiri demonstrates, 

 on the whole, the prevalence in these mountains of a type of Indian 

 differing physically as well as culturally from that common to the 

 coast. The identity and the connections of this interesting, hand- 

 some, oblong-headed type remain to be determined. As will be 

 seen later on, there are indications that this type reached much 

 farther to the north as well as to the south. These people may 

 have been related to but were not tribally identical with the 

 "Aymara" as we know them from Randelier's collections. 



Besides the above, there is found at some points in this district 

 a small, and at others a moderate intrusion of more round-headed 

 people, probably related to the coast people, but not practicing head 

 deformation. The skulls of this type cannot be regarded merely as 

 modifications of the more oblong variety, because they are nol 

 infrequently found in a burial cave or house where none or but a 

 few skulls occur of the other type. Exactly what they represent is 

 another problem for the future. 



