NO. 18 ANTHROPOLOGICAL WORK IN PERU IIRDL1CKA 21 



the skeletal material left from these (pi. 10, fig. 2). They have not 

 changed the conclusions reached during the former visit, which, for 

 easier reference, are with slight modifications here repeated. 



The people of Pachacamac as well as those who did not live but 

 were buried there, were of moderate stature and physical develop- 

 ment, with shorter and weaker individuals rather frequent. 



The crania belong largely to the brachycephalic coast type. A 

 fair percentage is fortunately free from deformation and shows the 

 type clearly. 



With the more rounded skulls were mingled in some of the bur- 

 ial sites a smaller or higher percentage of more oblong skulls, oc- 

 casionally attaining pure dolichocephaly. These skulls, it is now 

 seen, are of a very similar type to those found in the mountain 

 district to the east (the district of Huarochiri), and doubtless 

 represent visitors, invaders, or an intrusion of these people. The 

 majority of these narrower skulls were without any deformation, 

 while a few showed some occipital compression probably of inten- 

 tional origin. It was seen in the former part of this report that the 

 oblong skulls from the mountains are generally free from defor- 

 mation. 



The majority of the Pachacamac skulls of the more round-headed 

 variety and some of the narrower specimens, present a fronto- 

 occipital artificial compression which, however, is seldom excessive. 

 In some instances the frontal flattening is scarcely detectable, and 

 there are cases in which, though they probably belong to the same 

 class as the preceding, only an occipital flattening can be discerned. 

 The pressure on the frontal must in these instances have been very 

 weak. Deformed crania were particularly frequent in the large 

 burial ground in front, that is just to the north, of the old temple of 

 Pachacamac. 



No specimen was met with at the former nor at the present visit 

 to Pachacamac, which would show the " Aymara " type of defor- 

 mation. This indicates that the highland people where such defor- 

 mation was in vogue neither visited nor invaded the town or its 

 temples. 



A number of submicrocephalic and even microcephalic, but 

 otherwise normal, adult crania were found in the vast cemeteries 

 of this locality. They have nothing in common with the small 

 skulls of idiots, being normal in every respect except size. They 

 doubtless belonged, as shown by occasional small bones of the rest 

 of the skeleton, to diminutive individuals. They range in capacity 

 from 1,050 to 910 c.c. 



