NO. l8 ANTHROPOLOGICAL WORK IN PERU — HRDLICKA 29 



deformation of the skulls is general. The coast type of people 

 predominates ; in some of the cemeteries however there is a marked 

 admixture with the more long-headed and less deformed element, 

 and in one moderate-sized burial ground the latter type existed 

 almost to the exclusion of the former. The culture of these differ- 

 ent groups was, however, very similar. The architecture is the same ; 

 there are everywhere traces of cylindrical or oval stone-lined 

 burial pits; and the fabrics, as well as pottery (neither abundant), 

 are, as far as could be learned, also alike. It therefore seems safe 

 to conclude that the valley was settled by people of only one cultural 

 group, which however included sub-tribes or clans physically more 

 or less distinct and which perhaps did not occupy all the sites that 

 now bear archeological remains contemporaneously. 



The skeletal remains show that the people, while not very robust, 

 were remarkably free from such diseases as affect the bones. The 

 very few fractures found indicate a lack of surgical knowledge in 

 treatment. As on the coast, numerous skulls showed lesions pro- 

 duced by stone projectiles or clubs. No instance of trepanation was 

 discovered. Also there was no case of the " Aymara " head defor- 

 mation. All the burials were in the contracted position and the 

 body, covered with one or two fabrics, was tied up in a pack. In 

 rare instances there were large, more elaborate, cotton-padded 

 mummies, surrounded by some fabrics, resembling closely those of 

 the Nasca Valley. Pottery, not very common, approximates the 

 Nasca type. 



Tambo Vie jo. — About 16 miles from Chavina and almost opposite 

 the present town of Acari, the flats to the north of the river are 

 covered with extensive and interesting ruins known as Tambo 

 Viejo (pi. 14). The ruins consist of many foundation walls, walls 

 of houses, and two huacas. The dwellings were, as a rule, quadri- 

 lateral, often square, with frequently a stone-lined pit in the center 

 of the floor. In general, they were of moderate size. The upper 

 parts, above the stone foundation, were doubtless of reeds or other 

 perishable material of which no trace now exists. The stone walls 

 were made of moderate-sized cobblestones, laid with mud mortar, 

 and notwithstanding the fact that the material does not yield itself 

 readily to high-class results, the constructions show very good work- 

 manship. In a few instances the low stone wall was heightened by 

 adding small adobes. The base and southern slope of the huacas 

 facing the river were carefully paved with larger cobblestones, while 

 their interior disclosed adobe constructions. To the north of the 



