NO. l8 ANTHROPOLOGICAL WORK IX PERU— HRDLlCKA ,}I 



cemetery was not found until near the above-mentioned hill of 



Otapara. 



Otapara (pi. 15 I was evidently in the past a place of some import- 

 ance. Now it is uninhabited, with the exception of three huts of 

 Quechua-speaking mixed-breeds, recently erected. The hill was 

 found to be a rocky elevation less than too feet in height, but difficult 

 to scale, and, on the land side full of ruins of -tone walls. Some of 

 these doubtless represent habitations, while others may have served 

 more for defence. The workmanship was mediocre throughout. 

 Many potsherds of common kitchenware lay about, and strewn over 

 the hill, especially at the summit, were numerous bones of the llama. 

 At the foot of the hill to the north several chambers were excavated 

 by the peons, yielding a little pottery, a few copper implement- and 

 a number of burials. The skulls and bones showed a more 01- less 

 brachycephalic population, of moderate stature, with frequent fronto- 

 occipital head deformation, hence the type of the coast. 



Acari J^allcy as a Whole. — ( )n the whole, the skeletal remains seen 

 in the Acari Valley, from Chaviha to ( Hapara. were found to repre- 

 sent predominantly the now well-known coast type of the Peruvian 

 Indian, with more or less admixture of the more oblong heads, some 

 intrusion of which occurs in so many other localities along the coast. 

 All the principal characteristics of the skulls and bones of the people 

 of this region are exactly like those from the Pachacamac and Chimu 

 cemeteries in the north. The resemblances are so close, even in re- 

 gard to the admixture with the more oblong-headed elements, that 

 the three groups cannot be considered otherwise than as parts, and 

 that contemporaneous parts, of the same people. Throughout the 

 valley there were many evidences of warfare in the numerous wounds 

 found on the skulls. In the majority of cases these wounds were 

 made by rather small stones, doubtless sling shot- : in others the skull 

 was crushed by a club. As to diseases, no very advanced case of 

 svmmetric osteoporosis of the skull was discovered in these regions. 

 nor any pronounced case of " mushroom-head " femur. The major- 

 ity of the scarce pathological specimens seen consisted of arthritic 

 changes, and rarely a variety of osteoperiostitis attacking some of 

 the long bones, especially the the tibia. The dead, as a rule, had 

 been buried in the contracted position and bound in a bundle. Such a 

 bundle or pack regularly showed some thin fabric about the loins of 

 the body, a cotton or woolen shirt, or a blanket, and occasionally a 

 faja (sash), a telega (woven bag), or a huaraka 1 sling). The bun- 

 dle would be tied sometimes, in a wide-meshed network, with a rope 



