48 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 6l 



there is now a dearth of the same. No such collection as that made in 

 1 910 will ever again be possible from these regions, and had the ma- 

 terial not been gathered at that time, it would be to-day for the most 

 part unavailable, due to atmospheric destruction. 



As on the occasion of the former visit, so now, the major part of 

 the ancient population of the Chimu region was found to belong to the 

 more or less brachycephalic coast type, of moderate stature and 

 moderate to (close to the coast line) strong muscular development. 

 The valley of the Moche River, the cemeteries about and on the 

 huacas of the Sun and Moon, and Chan-Chan itself, show a popula- 

 tion identical with that of the Chicama Valley ; and this population 

 is of precisely the same type as that of Huacho, Ancon, the Rimac 

 Valley, Pachacamac, Lomas, Acari Valley, and of the Nasca and 

 Tea regions. These conclusions it is now possible to state definitely. 



As elsewhere along the coast, the Chimu people were wont to 

 practice, though not with equal frequency or intensity at all periods 

 of time or among all their subdivisions, the antero-posterior head 

 deformation. Even those cases which formerly appeared to the 

 writer as being simple occipital flattenings are, he has now reasons 

 to believe, merely lighter varieties of the " flathead " type ; they 

 are cases in which the pressure on the forehead was inadequate 

 to cause enduring changes in that region, nevertheless was sufficient, 

 coupled with the weight of the head of the infant, to produce a 

 flattening of the occiput. 



As many other localities along the coast, so also the Chicama and 

 Moche valleys, as well as the Chan-Chan region, show more or less 

 admixture, the proportion differing from cemetery to cemetery, of 

 a more oblong-headed element of the same type as that met with in 

 the mountain region of Huarochiri. But it seems very probable 

 that this type was in the main of a relatively late appearance. It is 

 rare among what appear to be the oldest burials ; and it manifests 

 itself in mingling, or living side by side, rather than admixture. This 

 type evidently brought with it differences in culture, including the 

 absence of the habit of head deformation, which however was in part 

 adopted later. The occurrence of this type, which can represent no 

 local variation and which is very scarce among or absent from the 

 oldest Chimu as well as Nasca burials, indicates late prehistoric rela- 

 tions, more or less extensive according to locality, with the highland 

 people who carried it, and a considerable subsequent intrusion of 

 these people into the coast settlements. Quite likely exploration in 



