NO. l8 ANTHROPOLOGICAL WORK IN PERU — HRDLICKA 49 



the mountains will show all along the line similar intrusions of the 

 people of the coast type into the hills. 



A number of especially interesting particulars resulting from 

 these later studies in the Trujillo and Chicama regions, were as 

 follows : 



At the cemetery near a large huaca on the lands of the hacienda 

 Casa Grande, while a larger part of the burial ground yielded nothing 

 but the coast type of people, a small collection showed a taller and 

 better developed strain with large and beautifully oblong skulls, free 

 from all deformation. 



On a promontory of the elevated flats rising a short distance 

 south of Huanchaco, a moderate-sized burial ground was found 

 which, with the exception of one or two adult individuals, yielded 

 nothing except the skulls and bones of children and young adoles- 

 cents, and the crania of these belong without exception to the fine, 

 oblong, undeformed type, such as was found near the above- 

 mentioned Casa Grande ruin. The cemeteries north and east of 

 Huanchaco showed the usual coast type of people. 



A little over two miles south from Huanchaco, at the edge of the 

 elevated and in the olden times cultivated, but now desert, plain of 

 Chan-Chan, a double, quadrilateral, isolated enclosure exists, which 

 has been regarded by some as the remains of an old castle or for- 

 tification (see fig. 3). Instead, this relatively simple structural 

 unit was a convent, school, or a shelter for more grown-up children 

 and young adolescents, and was occupied by people other than 

 those of the valley, for just outside the walls of the inner enclosure, 

 to the east, exists a cemetery which again, as at Huanchaco, yielded 

 nothing but the bones and skulls of the young and the skull in every 

 instance was found to be of the oblong, undeformed, fine variety. 

 Just outside of the wall to the south of this compound were some 

 burials of adults which gave the usual coast crania. 1 No other 



1 It is doubtless this compound to which Squier (Peru, etc., N. Y., 1877, PP- 

 122-123) refers as El Castillo. But Squier must have written of this structure 

 from recollections that had become somewhat unreliable. The quotation is 

 introduced below. It is certain that the burials mentioned by Squier were 

 not those of young women, but of children and young adolescents of un- 

 certain sex ; such skulls, however, can easily be taken for skulls of women 

 by one who is not an anatomist. Also, there are no traces of the " sev- 

 eral acres stuffed with skeletons " ; the large exposed Chan-Chan ceme- 

 teries exist farther southward. Finally, skulls showing traumatic lesions 

 are common in many parts of the coast. It is certain that nothing now 

 indicates that any battle has taken place in this locality. Of course, the skeletal 

 6 



