FOLSOM : MOUTII-PARTS OF ANURIDA MARITIMA. 115 



saine plan as those of the eutognathous Apterygota. The similarity is 

 evident in part from the following account of Machilis by Oudemans 

 ('88, p. 186): "Letztere [Ligula], Figur 28 Li, reicht mit ihrem freieu 

 Ende ungefahr ebensoweit als die Unterlippe und wird durch zwei 

 Cbitinstabchen gestlitzt, Figur 28 S, Figur 30 S. Mit der Ligula sind 

 noch zwei Stlicke, Figur 30 P, verbunden, die ich als Paraglossse auffassen 

 mochte. Sie sitzen an einer Chitinleiste, die sicli auf der Dorsalseite der 

 Ligula findet. Jede Paraglossa ist an ihrem freien Ende noch einiger- 

 raassen vertheilt (ich glaube in drei Lobi) und hat einen kleinen Vor- 

 sprung an ihrer Basis, Figur 30 A. Es scheint mir, dass die Paraglossse 

 ausserdem noch festsitzen an den Stiitzstiickcheu der Ligula, Figur 

 30 S." 



..." Die Maxillarspitzen trcffen einander mithin in dem Zwischen- 

 raum zwischen Ligula und Paraglossse, Figur 21, die Mandibularspitzen 

 zwischen Paraglossa; und Labrum." 



Von Stummer-Traunfels ('91) repeats some of Oudemans' figures of 

 Machilis. 



In Machilis, I find that the first raaxillee articulate with the skull — 

 no longer with the lingual stalks — and the stalks, although evident, 

 are much reduced and apparently functionless. The salivary glands 

 open, as in Orthoptera, under the base of the lingua. 



In Orthoptera, the most generalized of the Pterygota, there is a well- 

 developed hypopharynx, or lingua, which exactly corresponds in position 

 with the lingua of Apterygota, being a median papilla between the bases 

 of the first and second maxillae. In Periplaneta (Miall and Denny, '86, 

 p. 127, Figure 71) it is borne upon two chitinous stalks, clearly com- 

 parable with those in Apterygota. Looking for traces of superlingua) 

 in Melanoplus femoratus, I found them, as large dorso-lateral rounded 

 lobes, intimately united, however, with the lingua. This union is 

 already foreshadowed in Machilis and Lepisma. I also found — almost 

 accidentally — two rudimentary, chitinous, divergent stalks, extending 

 back into the head from the ventro-lateral regions of the base of the 

 lingua. The significance of these facts is clear, although the meaning 

 of the lingual appendages, which have apparently been overlooked or 

 disregarded in most Orthoptera, could hardly have been ascertained 

 without studying the less specialized Apterygota. In Packard's figure 

 of Anabrus ('98, p. 73, Figure 71), also, the lingua and left superlingua 

 are evident. 



In the rare and singular Hemimerus, Hansen ('94, pp. 70-71, Plate 2, 

 Figures 9, 10, h.) finds a " hypopharynx " and " maxillulsc," as well as 



