6 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
afforded by Dr. Derby and his coadjutor many of the best localities 
would not have been found in the short time that was at my disposal. 
Dr. Joao Cardoso, the Director of the Geological and Geographical 
Commission of Sao Paulo kindly detailed Dr. Pacheco, Geologist of 
that survey to accompany me on the trip from Itaicy to Piracicaba 
in that state and to Dr. Pacheco’s acquaintance with that region I 
owe much. 
In Chile, as a delegate of Harvard University to the Pan-American 
Congress held in December, 1908, I was accorded free transportation 
on the government railways through the courtesy of the Director of 
railways, a privilege which I exercised in the journey from Concepcion 
to Valdivia and return to Santiago and thence eventually to Val- 
paraiso. Special rates were also given in the passage on the Chilean 
steamer Limari from Valparaiso to Panama; both of these favors 
reduced the expenses of the Shaler Memorial Expedition. 
Prof. Robert DeC. Ward of Harvard University was appointed 
a member of the Expedition to carry on studies in climatology and 
to gather material for a course on the geography of South America. 
He accompanied me as far as Ponta Grossa in Parana, whence he 
journeyed to Paranagua, going by steamer to Santos, thence by rail 
to Sdo Paulo, and so to Rio de Janeiro, from which port he took ship 
for New York in August, 1908. The more important publications 
resulting from his investigations are listed on p. 137. 
Mr. Winthrop P. Haynes, an undergraduate student in the Uni- 
versity, was appointed Assistant in geology and accompanied me at his 
own expense as far as Ponta Grossa and Paranagua, whence he also 
returned to the United States in August, 1908. He aided in the 
collection of rocks and fossils in northern Parana. 
I have retained the Portuguese spelling of the Brazilian names used 
in the text. The pronunciation of these is similar to the Spanish but 
the following peculiarities should be noted: — Ch is regularly and x 
ordinarily equivalent to sh in English; g soft before e and 7 is like the 
French j._ Words ending in am and Go have Portuguese nasal sounds 
in which the nasal a is pronounced somewhat as ou in out with the 
lips slightly closed at the end as if to give the letter m. Likewise 
names ending in im are nasalized like ing in English but with the final 
m sound slightly given. 
