WOODWORTH: GEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO BRAZIL AND CHILE. i) 
border of the Brazilian tableland constituting the so-called Serra do 
Mar. 
Many maps of Brazil published in that country bear lines of longi- 
tude reckoned from the position of the National Observatory in Rio 
de Janeiro, which lies in 48° 10’ 21.15’’ West Long. from Greenwich. 
The only high-grade maps, outside of certain municipal contoured 
maps, have been published by the Comissao Geologica e Geographica 
de Sao Paulo. Old-fashioned hachured maps of the topography exist 
for some states but they are all inadequate for the purpose of geological 
mapping. The territory of Brazil is vast and the interior so little 
developed that it cannot be expected that the general government can 
undertake, at present, the making of such maps of its domain as exist 
for several of the European states, or even a map of the serviceable 
character of the topographic map of the United States of America. 
In the case of the state of Parana I was not able to procure in 
published form, even an approximately accurate map though a very 
useful manuscript map is in existence to which I had access. The 
small-scale map of Santa Catharina published by the State is fairly 
good for exploratory work. The best general map of Sao Paulo is 
that of Williams. 
Of the geological text-books which circulate mostly in Brazil, 
owing to the higher education being based largely on the system of the 
French, there are several editions of the elementary hand-book of the 
late Professor de Lapparent. A Portuguese translation by Dr. B. F. 
Ramiz Galvdo, of the third edition of the elementary text, entitled 
Resumo de Geologia, with appendices relating to the geology of Brazil 
by Dr. Derby, is much used in the schools where geology is taught. 
Prof. John C. Branner published in 1906 an elementary geological 
text written in Portuguese with special reference to Brazilian students 
and embellished with illustrations from native sources including cuts 
of South American fossils. 
The National Exposition at Rio de Janeiro in 1908, held to com- 
memorate the centenary of the opening of the ports of the country, 
resulted in the bringing together of a collection of rocks and minerals 
from many parts of this vast territory. Most of these exhibits were 
intended to set forth the economic resources of the several states. 
The best of these state collections was that from Sao Paulo formerly 
under the directorship of Dr. Derby. From the new territory of Alto 
Acre there was a small collection of rocks including a dark pebbly 
sandstone locally used for whetstones, ferruginous sandstone, and a 
fragment of an ironstone concretion, incorrectly labelled as an aerolite!, 
