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WOODWORTH: GEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO BRAZIL AND CHILE. I11 
from Itajahy, molybdenite from Morro do Baht, magnetite, ochres, 
slates, and the products of a newly established cement industry. 
Minas Geraes (the state of “general mines”) exhibited of ordinary 
minerals manganese, itabarite from the well-known peak, micaceous 
hematite, limonite ores, and clay products from Bello Horizonte; 
but the most striking exhibit was made by the Morro Velho Mine 
which, in addition to a rich display of ore, put on exhibition a model 
‘showing the working of the ore shutes, the shafts, and levels, with a 
‘suitable explanation, in itself the most complete exhibit in the collec- 
tion. 
The newly established federal survey exhibited a relief map of 
the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro and an excellent series of enlarged 
photographs illustrative of types of Brazilian rocks and landscapes. 
There is a great abundance of manganese in Brazil and from reliable 
reports received then and since it is most probable that Brazil is 
destined to be a producer of iron on a large scale and owing to the 
belated resort to these deposits will enjoy prosperity from this re- 
source when the workable ores of the United States have been ex- 
hausted. 
Our party left Rio de Janeiro on July 22nd, for Sado Paulo. The 
points of geological interest on the line of the railway include Mt. 
Tingua among the lower peaks of the Serra do Mar, which furnished 
the dikes of phonolite consisting of an alkali feldspar, nepheline, 
and aegirine to which rock Rosenbusch (Hunter and Rosenbusch, 
1890) gave the name tinguaite. A good view of the black moun- 
tain may be obtained from Ottoni Station. On passing the crest of 
the Serra and attaining the valley of the Parahyba the Serra da 
Mantiqueira comes into view, culminating in Mt. Itatiaia, a mass of 
nepheline-augite syenite or phonolite, the loftiest point in Brazil, 
2,994 meters (9,493 ft.), and the highest in South America outside of 
the Andes. Its summit is a bare rock with weathered out joint- 
structure forming needles on a large scale. It is plainly seen from 
Rezende Station. H.H. Smith (1879, p. 441) states that snow occa- 
‘sionally covers the summit. 
The Tertiary deposits in the valley of the Parahyba are followed for 
many leagues by the railway. In the dry season the train in traversing 
these plains stirs up a fine reddish dust which penetrates the closest 
ars. | 
Near Pindamonhangaba Station I noticed two or three broad 
shallow lakelets in the weathered surface of the rock, a type of basin 
which abounds in the old weathered surface of Brazilian rocks. 
