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WOODWORTH: GEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO BRAZIL AND CHILE. 15 
tube penetrating to the bottom of the layer, some five inches in thick- 
ness. The tubes were filled with a fine greenish shale. (Fig.42.) 
Similar burrows occur in Pennsylvania in the Ordovician (J. P. Lesley, 
’89, 1, p. 417-418) but seemingly are of no diagnostic value in determin- 
ing the age of the strata in which they occur. It is possible that the cup 
at the orifice of the tube in Monocraterion 
is due to the caving in of the sands prior 
to their covering by the superincumbent 
layer, and that thus it is not to be taken 
as showing the form of the anterior portion 
of the animal which made the burrow. 
From Ponta Grossa an excursion was 
made under the guidance of Dr. Derby to 
Curityba and thence to the coast at Pa- 
ranagua. An excellent view of the profile 
of the plateau and the Serra do Mar was py¢. 2— Monocraterion sp. 
obtained and I have utilized the data in —A worm burrow occurring in 
what follows on the geomorphology of tT meee 
south Brazil. From Ponta Grossa also I near Ponta Grossa, Parand. 
set out for a trip via Rio Negro, over the 
trap plateau to Lages in Santa Catharina. As the itinerary of this 
expedition includes some observations upon the general character of 
the country not embodied in North American geographical writings, I 
have transcribed this portion of my Journal with but slight con- 
densation. 
A Journey from Rio Negro to Lages and return to Porto da Unido 
on the Iguasst. It having been decided to make a reconnaissance of 
the section from Serrinha on the upper waters of the Iguassti to Rio 
Negro and thence southwards to the base of the Triassic escarpment, 
the traverse was continued southwards to Lages. The Triassic 
formation was examined for any evidence which might have a bearing 
on the transition period following that of Permian glaciation. Dr. 
Euzebio Paulo de Oliveiro and myself set out from Ponta Grossa on 
August 13 by rail for Rio Negro, the end of the railway, making stops 
at ‘Tamandua, Serrinha, and Lapa. A synopsis of my notes on the 
geology of this portion of the route is embodied in ensuing chapters 
on the Permian deposits. See Plate 19 for map of route. 
At Rio Negro we heard of the Bugres, wild aborigines who infest 
the trap escarpment on the south and often ambush lonely travellers 
on the pass over the Serra do Espigao. Southwest of this high point 
along the Serra Geral there is a remnant, so I was informed, of the 
