WOODWORTH: GEOLOGICAL EXPEDITION TO BRAZIL AND CHILE. 71 
Permian 
Passa dois series 
Rocinha limestone 
Estrada nova beds 
Iraty black shale 
Rio Tuberao series 
Rio Bonito beds 
Orleans conglomerate 
In this report we are concerned mainly with the beds grouped in 
the above section under the head of the Orleans conglomerate at the 
base of the Permian section in southeastern Santa Catharina. 
Dr. White (1908, p. 51) describes the Orleans conglomerate as 
follows: — 
‘Resting upon these lower sandstones and shales often in apparent 
conformity, we find a coarse conglomerate which is well exposed in 
the town of Orleans, Santa Catharina, from which locality it has been 
named. It contains boulders of granite, quartzite, and other hard 
rocks, some of which are 20 to 25 centimeters in diameter. The same 
formation is frequently visible along the Rio Tuberao between Minas 
and 2 kilometers below. The bore hole put down near Minas station 
began near the top of this rock and passed through the same at a 
depth of 5.35 meters. In Rio Grande do Sul large granite blocks are 
frequently found at this horizon, as well as at many points in Parand 
and the adjoining region of Santa Catharina, where several localities, 
near Rio Negro, 10 kilometers from any outcrop of granite, exhibit 
‘granite boulders in vast numbers up to 3 meters in diameter, all 
embedded in a fine and apparently unstratified gray muddy sediment. 
A very coarse deposit with large rounded boulders of granite, quartzite, 
sandstone, silicified wood, etc., may also be seen resting unconforma- 
bly upon Devonian shales at Ponta Grossa, and other localities in 
that region. This deposit appears to correspond closely to the Dwyka 
conglomerate of South Africa, and most probably, like it, is of glacial 
origin, although no scratches were observed upon the boulders in 
question.” Between the conglomerate and the base there usually 
intervenes a few meters of sandstones and shales. In the boring at 
Minas, these beds together with the conglomerate are said to have a 
thickness of twenty-seven meters. On the road from Lages to 
Florianopolis farther north the total thickness is from 150 to, 160 
meters (White, loc. cit., p. 49). At Xarqueadas, in Rio Grande do 
Sul near the right bank of the Rio Jacuhy a boring was put down in 
