i BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
along the lower slopes of the hills as if washed down by rains during 
the wet season. Much dust is blown about by the winds in the dry 
season and doubtless an eolian origin may be attributed to some of 
the particles. 
The relations of the red earths to the underlying pebble beds indi- 
cate pretty clearly the order of magnitude of the powers of the rainfall 
in the immediate past and the changing climatic conditions, a heavy 
rainfall with a strong run-off followed by a marked weakening in this 
agency. Wind action if registered in the loess-like red earth hardly 
can be called upon in the case of the gravels in old creases. Lag- 
gravels are typically developed upon wind-swept plains; besides 
glyptoliths or sand-carved pebbles are not here forth-coming; farther 
north in Brazil Dr. Lisboa has found them. 
These deposits are related to each other in the range of dynamic 
force concerned as are the Pleistocene glacial gravels to the Post- 
glacial alluvial deposits of many North American sections. Hence the 
probability that the gravels represent the Pleistocene. From an 
excellent exposure in Parané at Tamandua Station I propose the 
name Tamandua (anteater) beds for the gravels. As for the over- 
lying shifted reddish earths whether terra roxa or not, they form a 
group of surficial deposits blending in places with residual clays in 
situ and do not so readily take a formation name. 
Inrailway cuts in the white sandstones between Sao Pedro de Itararé 
and Fabio Rego the red earth rests on the eroded surface of the white 
sandstones. The sharpness of the contact between the two and the 
absence of red coloring in the sandstones proves the shifting of the 
superficial deposit with its coloring matter. The development of the 
red oxide of iron would seem here to have antedated the transportation 
of the material otherwise the red matter seemingly should have been 
carried downward into the porous sandstones. 
In the winter season of drought the red earth dries and cracks. 
These cracks on the surface of newly cut banks by the railway stations 
often form a hexagonal network. Similar cracks form over the surface 
of the campo. As leaves, sticks, and insects peculiar to the existing 
flora and fauna readily fall into these cracks to some depth in the 
clays, it is obvious that by the closing and opening of these cracks 
under the changing seasons any contemporaneous fossils they may 
be found to contain must be carefully discriminated from post- 
depositional entries. 
Canga is a superficial segregation of oxide of iron or limonite in various 
geological positions. On the road from Ponta Grossa to Conchas in 
