TWENHOFEL: EXPEDITION TO THE BALTIC PROVINCES. 295 
bedded, semicrystalline, grayish blue limestones and thin shales are 
exposed. Throughout most of the thickness the bedding is illy defined. 
Some of the beds are quarried for construction purposes and these are 
from four to six inches thick. The basal beds are more shaly than 
those above and locally consist of 50% shale. The limestone is 
similar to that of the other localities mentioned above. 
At Pallokiill Chapel, three to four miles south of Kertel, on the road 
to Helterma, is an exposure of what appears to be the Kegel. The 
outcrop is in the woods a short distance back of, and southwest of the 
chapel, and the beds dip from ten to fifteen degrees northward. Un- 
less the tilting of the Kegel is purely local and involves the higher beds, 
it follows that the Lower Lyckholm rests unconformably on the former. 
That the relations are disconformable appears fairly certain. 
Another exposure of what appears to be the Lower Lyckholm was 
seen at Kappa-Koil, south of Reval, on the railroad to Pernau; but 
the old quarry was almost wholly grassed over and no fossils were 
collected. 
Near Muddis Krug, about two miles east of the railroad station, 
Taps, is an outcrop of the Lyckholm which is of considerable im- 
portance as the exposed beds are not far above the contact with the 
_Wesenberg and the locality is nearly at the eastern end of the Silurian 
territory. A long low cutting on the railroad about a mile and a 
half east of Taps exposes a dense fine-grained, almost unfossiliferous 
limestone. In a small quarry nearer Taps, beds of a similar character 
are exposed in which Chasmops wesenbergensis and a few other fossils 
were collected which show the strata to belong to the Wesenberg. 
About a half mile south of the railroad cutting and a half mile west 
of the Meinkerb residence is the old quarry referred to by Schmidt as 
“near Muddis Krug.” Only two feet of irregularly bedded, whitish 
earthy limestone. are now visible. The fauna from these beds con- 
sists of such typical Lyckholm forms as Porambonites gigas, Pseudo- 
lingula quadrata, Triplecia insularis, Halysites, Heleolites, and large 
gastropods of the genera Hormotoma and Subulites, forms essentially 
identical with those found in the Lyckholm beds on the Island of Dago 
at the locality where it overlies the Kegel, and they show that the 
lower beds of the formation are the same in the two widely separated 
regions.! 
The strata described in the preceding paragraphs do not exceed 
1 For the information relating to the outcrops near Taps I am indebted to Professor 
Raymond. 
