BIRDS OP UPPER PEGU. 67 



wedge-shaped crest. A patch on each side at the base of the 

 lower mandible, crimson; lores, cheeks, sides of the head, throat, 

 breast, back of the neck, upper back, scapulars, wings, upper tail 

 coverts, lower tail coverts, and tail, black ; the throat and sides of 

 the head with numerous white speckles; the third, fourth, 

 fifth, and sixth primaries, narrowly tipped pure white. The chin, 

 greyish brown in some, blackish brown in others. The middle and 

 lower back, the whole of the abdomen and sides, the greater 

 portion of the wing lining, a greater or lesser portion of the 

 inner webs of the quills towards their bases, white, in some with 

 a delicate yellowish tinge ; flank feathers springing from the base 

 of the tibia and the lowest of the white feathers of the rump, 

 white, with a more or less cuneiform, subterminal, blackish brown 

 spot. A few of the lower tail coverts immediately below the 

 vent, edged white. 



The plumage of the females is precisely similar, except that 

 there is no crimson patch at the base of the lower mandible ; 

 the whole forehead and crown is black, and the crest is smaller; 

 the coverts along the edge of the wing are black. 



This species is considerably smaller than T. Hodgsoni of 

 Southern India, which is from 17*5 to 19 long, according to sex; 

 has a wing of from 8 to 9, and a bill of from 2*25 to nearly 

 2*5 ; the great difference in the size of the bill is very con- 

 spicuous ; the feet and claws are also much larger. Both on the 

 abdomen and back there is much less breadth of white ; none of 

 the primaries are tipped white, and there is no white on their 

 inner webs. 



In Malacca, Java, and Sumatra, another nearly allied species, 

 or rather a series of races of one species, occur, viz., T. leueogaster, 

 Reinw., PL Col. 501, javensis, Horsf., which is about 17 inches 

 long, has a wing 9 inches, and a bill from 2*1 to £*2 in length. 

 This species has the whole of the back and rump black. In the 

 large size of its bill, and in the almost entire absence of white on 

 the inner webs of the primaries javensis comes nearest to Hodgsoni. 



Lastly, we have T. Hodgei from the Andamans, which has been 

 fully described {vide vol. II., p. 189). 



Though considerably smaller, the uniform black plumage of 

 this latter species recalls martins of Europe, though that belongs 

 to a separate sub -genus D/yocopus, and wants altogether the red 

 moustachial stripe. Malherbe doubted the occurrence of javensis 

 in the Tenasserim provinces, and possibly correctly so. In the 

 Salween District at any rate of these provinces, it is Crawfurdi 

 that occurs. 



Captain Feilden notes, that " the favorite haunt of this bird 

 appears to be some deep valley, at the bottom of which a quantity 

 of alluvial soil has been washed down, out of which a number of 

 young trees, three or four inches in diameter, are growing. The 



