424 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR. 



The first dress of A. macronyx (the name to be kept, as fitted for 

 all stages of plumage) differs from the young A pendulinus only 

 by the horizontally flattened beak, not by the colour. The nest is 

 very different, being woven of narrow strips of grass-leaves (reed- 

 leaves?) and not of willow-down. This agrees with the difference 

 in the beak, and shows a species produced by natural selection 

 if we also consider the identity of colour in the young age. 



22. — Erythrospiza incarnata, Sev. — Closely allied to E. githagi- 

 nea, yet different. Beak horny yellow, not red, and somewhat 

 less rounded in profile, less bullfinch-like in its form. Upper 

 parts sandy, with a brown spot on the middle of each feather — 

 which spots are wanting in E. githaginea ; greater wing-coverts 

 and wing-quills edged with white, and these white edges in their 

 turn edged with red ; E. githaginea without white on the wing. 

 This bird is described also by Mr. Swinhoe, in the Pro., Zool. Soc 

 1870, as Carpodacus mongolicus, I found it in 1864, Mr. Swinhoe 

 in 1865. 



23. — What is Acanthis (Linota) pygmaea, Stoliczka, not yet 

 described ? 



24. — Carduelis orientalis, Eversm., is C. caniceps, Vig. 



25. — My Passer {Pyrgitd) pidverulentus is Fringillauda 

 nemoricola, Hodgs., or rather F. sordida, Stol., Leucosticte 

 altatca, Eversm. 



26. — Emb. Hutto?iiis wrongly named in my catalogue (Russian 

 edit.) E. caesia. 



27. — Calandritis leucophaea, Sev., differs from Alaudida 

 cheelensis, Swinh., only by a more greyish color; it is exactly 

 your A. Adamsi. 



28. — The Alauda cristata of my catalogue (Russ. edit.) is 

 your Galerida magna, Hume. 



29. — The breeding Alauda arvensis in Turkestan of my 

 catalogue, (Russ. edit.), is A. tribor/iyncha, Hodgs. The true 

 arvensis only passes by Russian Turkestan during its migra- 

 tion. My AX. inconspicua is A. coelivox, Swinh — A. gulgnla. 

 Fraukl., (compared with your figure, " Lahore to Yarkand.") 



30. — My Budytes Jiavifrons resembles much B. JRayi, but is 

 widely separated in its geographical range, breeding only in 

 Eastern Russia and Western Siberia, and passing through 

 Turkestan ; it differs also by the pure yellow forehead of the 

 male, which colour however gradually passes into the greenish 

 of the occiput. Further comparison is still necessary. 



31. — My Cettia fusca is Luscmiopsis luscinio'ides . 



32. — My Cettia scalennra and C. albiventris are only varieties 

 of C. Cettii, by comparison with original specimens of the last. 

 C scalennra only somewhat darker, C. albiventris (C. orientalis 

 (Tristr.), larger but varying in size. This last is identical 

 with your Sindh specimens. 



