ox THE EARTHQUAKE PHENOMENA OF JAPAN. 205 



Second Report of the Committee, consisting of Sir A. C. Eamsay, 

 Mr. Thomas G-ray, and Professor John Milne {Secretary), 

 appointed for the puiyose of investigating the Earthquake 

 Phenomena of Japan. Drawn up by the Secretary. 



The^ seismological work which I have been engaged upon since the 

 British Association, in 1881, generously placed in my hands a grant of 

 25Z. as an assistance towards the investigation of the earthquake pheno- 

 mena of Japan, has been partly the continuation of experiments and 

 observations on which I was previously engaged, and partly an endeavour 

 to carry out experiments which are more or less new. 



The results of a portion of this work have already been published in 

 the 'Transactions of the Seismological Society of Japan.' The o-reater 

 portion, however, of the observations which have been made are still in a 

 rough form, and considerable time and labour will have to be expended 

 upon them before they are ready for publication. The results to which 

 many of these observations lead are, however, sufficiently well defined to 

 be described in general terms, and this I propose to do in the followino- 

 brief report. The order in which the various investigations are referred 

 to is as nearly as possible the same as that which was followed in my first 

 report to this Association. They are as follows : — 



I. Determination of tie areas from luUcli the shakings so often felt in 

 ToTcio and YoJcohama emanate. 



In my first report it was stated that the origins of three earthquakes 

 had been located near to or in the Bay of Yedo, at no great distance from 

 Yokohama. Owing to the fact that there was often a confusion of normal 

 and transverse vibrations, or to the fact that even if the ground moved 

 backward and forward in a definite direction this did not of necessity 

 correspond to the direction of a line connecting the point of observation 

 and the origin, the origins of many other earthquakes which had been felt 

 had not been determined. 



During the last year, in consequence of my having established at 

 various places a number of instruments which give graphical records of 

 all the prominent vibrations of an earthquake, instead of simply indicating 

 the extent and direction of the maximum disturbance, I have been 

 enabled to determine approximately the origins of a considerable number 

 of disturbances. The instrument here referred to I call a pendulum 

 seismograph. It is described in Vol. IV. of the ' Transactions of the 

 Seismological Society.' 



These instruments have been distributed as follows : — 



^ 1. With F. Kinger, Esq., at Nagasaki, 550 geo. miles W.S.W. from Tokio. 



2. „ St. John Browne, 



Esq., „ Kobe, 240 „ W. by S. „ 



3. „ A. Owston, Esq., „ Yokohama, 15 „ SW bv S 



4. „ W. H. Talbot, Esq., „ „ „ „ ,/ ' ;; 



5. „ A Japanese gentle- „ Chiba, 17 ,, E. by S. 



man, 

 6- .» ,, „ „ Kisaradzn, 15 „ S.E. by S. 



7. „ „ „ „ Kamaishi, 120 „ N.N.E. " 



8. At my own house, „ Hakodate, 375 „ N. by E. 



9. ,, F. Fukushi, Esq., „ Saporo 450 „ N. bv e' 

 10. _ _ _ Tokio. ^ 



