272 EEPORT— 1882. 



skeletons of skulls obtained from ancient tumnli and cemeteries in different 

 parts of the British Isles, it was found on superimposing tracings of the 

 skeleton profiles of the three main types figured in the ' Crania Britannica,' 

 that the brows of the Brachycephalic, round-barrow type were more 

 prominent, and the nasal bones more angular and sharply projecting, than 

 those of the Dolichocephalic, long-barrow type ; whilst brows and nasals 

 in the Teutonic skulls (and especially those of the Saxons proper) 

 were respectively smooth and little prominent. The main characteristics 

 in the profiles of the Round-barrow man and the Teuton would clearly 

 have been the high bridge of the nose of the former, and the absence 

 of an arched nose in the Saxon. 



Similar results were obtained from measurements of skulls in the 

 Anatomical Museum at Cambridge, purchased from Dr. Thurnam by 

 Professor Humphry, and presented by him to that University. Also some 

 skulls in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, and the Greenwell 

 collection at Oxford, have been measured and found to exhibit the same 

 contrasts. Mr. Harrison, who obtained the measurements for the infor- 

 mation of the Committee, found that the mean difference in projection 

 of the nasal bones in skulls from the round-barrows, as measured from 

 the basion to fixed points on the dorsum and the nasion, or root of the 

 nasal bones, is about twice that observed in purely Teutonic crania. In 

 the fine collection of true Saxon skulls from Wiltshire, obtained by General 

 Pitt-Rivers, the principal characteristics are a rounded forehead and 

 smooth brow, and but little projection in the nasals ; and this in the male 

 as well as the female skulls. 



The points of contrast in the skeleton features of the two races were 

 noticed by Dr. B. Davis ; but owing to Saxons and Angles being at the 

 time he wrote considered equally Teutonic, the differences observed in 

 some of the examples selected by him to illustrate types, are not so 

 strongly mai'ked as in others. Dr. Beddoe and Mr. David Mackintosh, 

 it should be mentioned, both consider the Anglian features to have 

 heen more prominent than the Saxon. — When proceeding to define tribal 

 differences and crosses, the nasal forms will, with other features, be sub- 

 jected by the Committee to more minute examination.' 



The above facts having been sufiiciently ascertained, it was easy to 

 compare the skeleton features of the Round-barrow man and the Saxon 

 with profiles of living subjects in this and neighbouring countries pre- 

 sumably inhabited by similar populations. Whenever the osseous and 

 other features were found to correspond, at the same time that they 

 differed entirely from other equally well-marked types, it was assumed 

 that the characteristics belonged to distinct races. 



In the following definitions the three main types in this country are 

 designated by capital letters, intended to be used as symbols when discuss- 

 ing racial crosses. 



First, the Dolichocephalic Dark Type, A. — The definition of the short, 

 narrow-headed race shown by Dr. Thurnam and Professor Boyd Dawkins 

 to have preceded the so-called Celts, and termed by them Iberian (^ the 

 Silurian of Professor RoUeston), is at present incomplete. The forehead, 



' Professor Flower, speaking of the racial value of the nasal bone, when describing 

 the cranial characters of the natives of the Fiji Islands, says: — 'The nose is one of 

 the most important of the features as a cliaracteristic of race, and its form is very 

 accurately indicated by its bony framework ' {Jour. Antfirop. Inst, vol. x. p. 160) 

 Dr. Droca defines six forms. 



