602 REPORT — 1882. 



where the submergence is clearly defined. At Salisbury, for instance, the River- 

 drift hunter may have lived either before, during, or after the southern counties 

 became an island. When, however, he hunted the woolly and leptorhine rhinoceros, 

 the mammoth, and the horse in the ueighbom-hood of Brighton, he looked down 

 upon a broad expanse of sea, in the spring flecked with small icebergs, such as 

 those which dropped their burdens in Bracklesham Bay. At Abbeville, too, he 

 hunted the mammoth, reindeer, and horse down to the mouth of the Somme on the 

 shore of the glacial sea. 



The evidence is equally clear that the Eiver-drift hunter followed the chase in 

 Britain after it had emerged from beneatli the waters of the glacial sea, from the 

 fact that the river-deposits in which his implements occur either rest upon the glacial 

 clays, or are composed of fragments derived from them, as in the oft-quoted cases 

 of Iloxne and Bedford. Further, it is ^ery probable that he may have wandered 

 close up to the edges of the glaciers then covering the higher hills of Wales and 

 the Pennine chain. 



The severity of the climate in winter at this time in Britain is proved, not 

 merely by the presence of the arctic animals, but by the numerous ice-borne 

 blocks in the river gravels dropped in the spring after the break-up of the 

 frosts. 



The Kange op the River-deift Mai? ox the Coxtine^'t and in the 



Meditekkane.\.n Aeea. 



The River-drift man is proved, by the implements which he left behind, to have 

 wandered over the whole of France, and to have hunted the same animals in the 

 valleys of the Loire and the Garonne as in the valley of the Thames. In the 

 Iberian peninsula lie was a contemporary of the African elephant, the mammoth, 

 and the straiglit-tusked elephant, and he occupied the neighbourhood both of 

 Madrid and Lisbon. He also ranged over Italy, leaving traces of his presence in the 

 Abruzzo, and in Greece he was a contemporary of the extinct pigmy hippopotamus 

 {H. Pentlandi). South of the Mediterranean his implements have been met with 

 in Oran, and near Kolea in Algeria, and in Egypt in several localities. At Luxor they 

 have been discovered by General Pitt-Rivers in the breccia, out of which are hewn 

 the tombs of the kings. In Palestine they have been obtained by the Abbe 

 Richard between Mount Tabor and the Sea of Tiberias, and by j\Ir. Stopes between 

 Jerusalem and Bethlehem. Throughout this wide area the implements, for the 

 most part of flint or of quartzite, are of the same rude types, and tliere is no differ- 

 ence to be noted between the Juiches found in the caves of CressweU in Derbyshire, 

 and those of Thebes, or between those of the valley of the Somme and those of 

 Palestine. Nor is our survey yet ended. 



The River-deiet Man in India. 



The researches of Foote, King, Medlicott, Hacket, and BaU establish the fact that 

 the River-drift himter ranged over the Indian peninsula from Madras as far north 

 as the valley of the Nerbudda. Here we find him forming part of a fauna in which 

 there are species now living in India, such as the Indian rhinoceros and the arnee, 

 and extinct types of oxen and elephants. There were two extinct hippopotami in 

 the rivers, and li-\-ing gavials, turtles, and tortoises. It is plain, therefore, that at 

 this time the fauna of India stood in the same relation to the present fauna as the 

 European fauna of the late Pleistocene does to that now living in Europe. In both 

 there was a similar association of extinct and living forms, from both in the lapse 

 of time the genus Hippopotamus has disappeared, and in both man forms the 

 central figure. 



The Rivee-drifx Hunter is North America. 



We are led from the region of tropical India to the banks of the Delaware in New 

 Jersey by the recent discoveries of Dr. C. C. Abbott in the neighbourhood of Trenton. 

 After a study of his collections in the Peabody Museum at Cambridge, Mass., I 



