NOTES ON INDIAN BUTTERFLIES. 33 
I think that there is no doubt that the data in which Mr. Bell relies are far 
and away the most satisfactory for purposes of classification and that study 
of the habits as well as what may be termed cabinet investigation are little 
more than confirmatory ; yet, as Mr. Bell points out, there are many species 
and even genera whose early stages are entirely unknown and all we have to 
go on for the present are the habits and the results of examination of the imago. 
J had already worked out a rough classification of the family and find that my 
results accord very closely with Mr. Bell’s. I give below the points on which 
we differ. 
(a) Iagree with Swinhoe in putting the Ismeninz at the head of the 
family. I quite understand Bell’s reasons for putting them after the Hesper- 
iine, but they differ more from all the other sub-families than the latter do 
inter se. 
(6) Ormiston is of opinion that Hantana infernus is the male of Cele- 
norrhinus spilothyrus and I am pretty certain that he is right, in which 
case it would be wrong to put Hantana in any sub-family other than the 
Celenorrhine. Again from genitalia examination it is evident that Achalarus 
is a very close ally of Celenorrihinus, while Capila and its allies, with 
their very peculiar, large trifid clasp, are quite separate and might be classed 
as Capiline. 
(c) Following the Celenorrhine, the Hesperiinze come in naturally 
but, after the Hesperiine I should prefer to see the Pamphiline which are 
decidedly allied to the MHesperiine. I should follow thus—Plastingiine, 
Notocryptine, Erionotine and Erynnine, wherein I would include the 
Baorine, as the latter group seem barely separable as a sub-family. 
(2) I am surprised to see Baracus near the end of the Erynninz and 
would prefer to see it next Astictopterus, which with its allies seems to come 
better into the Pamphilinze. Pithauria (includes Pithauriopsis) should come 
between Halpe and Parnara, where perhaps Jton is also better placed. 
Grane is probably a near ally of Notocrypta, Hidari of Erionota and 
Acerbas of Plastingia. 
_ My arrangement would therefore be as given below and I think it more or 
less brings together the order followed by Watson, Elwes and Swinhoe with 
that given by Bell: I cannot, however, persuade myself to adopt al 
Swinhoe’s new genera. 
Ismenina, Ismenine. Bibasis. Hasora. Ismene. Rhopalocampta. 
Badamia. 
Hesperiina. Capilinze. Capila. Crossiura. Orthopetus. Calliana, 
Celzenorrhinse. Charmion. Achalarus. Hantana. Celenorrhinus. 
Coladenia. Gerosis, Sarangesa. Darpa. Tapena. 
Ctenoptilum. Odontoptilum.. Caprona. Satarupa. 
Tagiades. Odina. 
Hesperiine. Gomalia. Carcharodus. Hesperia. Thanaos. 
Pamphilina. Pamphiline. Pamphila. Taractrocera. Ampitiia. Aeromachus. 
Ochus. Baracus. Astictopterus. Koruthaialos. 
Lambriz. 
Plastingiine, Suada. Suastus. Pedestes. Arnetia. Sebastonyma. 
Itys. Isma. Zographetus. Scobura. Sepa. 
Pirdana. Plastingia. Lotongus. Acerbas. Creteus. 
Notocryptine. Hyarotis. Udaspes. Notocrypta, Oerane. Sancus. 
Kerana, Watsoniella. Tacupa. 
Erionotinz. Hidari. Erionota. Pudicitia. Gangara. Paduka. 
Matapa. 
Erynninze. Cupitha. Erynnis, Augiades. Telicota. Actinor. 
Halpe. Onryza. Pithauria. Iton. Parnara. 
Gegenes. Hogenes. 
