BUTTERFLIES OF MESOPOTAMIA, 55 
Coenonympha saadi, Koll. 
Harir, 15-16 July, 4 9. 
Note by Capt. Riley :—“ Badly worn, certainly not var. mesopotamica, 
Ruhl. which is a much more faintly and differently marked form, The 
markings approach mesopofamica in these specimens in appearance, mainly 
owing to their worn condition.” 
Ccenonympha pamphilus, ssp. hylas, Esp. 
1 9, Suwarra, July 1919. (Capt. Aldworth). 
Genus SATYRUS. 
A. Bands above white .. .brisers, 
(Brown tinted forms of 2 of briseis may be distinguished 
from the following species by their uniform reddish tinted 
underside) 
B. Bands above brown tinted... 3 hermione. 
(The pale band on the hindwing above i is much nearer the 
margin and not central as in briseis). 
C. Bands above tawny. 
a. Band containing white dots. 
al. Band of f.w. broadly divided at the white dots ; 
underside earth brown . .peloped. 
61. Band not broadly divided underside greyish . .telephassa. 
b. Band without white dots af a . .persephone. 
S. telephassa, Hb.. Seitz. 1:43c. (87 examples). 
This grayling is of a rather dark grey brown ground colour with a subter- 
minal irregular tawny band on both wings, containing in f.w. two black, usually 
white centred, eyespots in interspaces 2 and 5 and between them two white 
dots, and in h.w. 2 minute, but complete spots in interspaces 1 and 2, the white 
centres being more prominent. There is always in f.w. a sharp angle or tooth 
of the ground colour encroaching on the band on its inner side and rarely 
dividing it ; on the h.w. the band does not reach the costa. 
¢ with a black and very distinct band or sex-mark in the cell. The 9 
is of course without this and is also a good deal larger. 
Underside of h.w. grey striated with darker, and usually with a fairly 
distinct narrow whitish angled postmedian band. 
Expanse:— 3 60 mm. (21 in,) 9 70 m.m. (22 in.). Common both in 
Mesopotamia on the Dyala at Kizil Robat and a few by the Tigris at Baiji; 
N. W. Persia, Harir and Kermanshah common. 
Kizil Robat, March to May; Khanikin, October; N. W. Persia, Karind 
Valley, July, August, September ; Buxton notes Qasvin, September, worn 
females found flying among dessicated plants. 
S. persephone, Hb., Seitz. 1:42e, Ochs. over 70 specimens. 
Larger and darker than either letephassa or pelopea and the 3 d are shaped 
as 9 © and of the same size. 
¢ with band light ochreous, tinted in places with tawny. The eyespots 
without white centres, and the dots absent. The prolongation of the band to 
costa of f.w. from the upper eyespot is narrow and well marked. On the h.w. 
it does not nearly reach tornus. 
Q with the band bright tawny. 
¢ without sexmark. 
