56 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST, SOCIETY, Vol, XXVIII, 
Underside more boldly marked on both wings than in the other spp. hindwings 
with a white subterminal line as well as a white postmedian band, which is 
bordered inwardly with a black line. Expanse 72 mm. 
Capt. Riley, having examined 57 of the specimens from Fathah (=Baiji) 
and Kizil-Robat, remarks :—‘‘ All are referable to the form hanifa, Nordm. 
The typical pure white banded form does not seem to occur; the majority 
of the females have the bands uniformly rich fulvous, but in 3 females and 
in most of the males they are much broken or almost replaced by pale 
yellowish. !t has. been suggested that the dark ochreous and the hight 
forms are seasonal. In Kedosand Yezgat in Asia Minor both extremes seem 
to occur at the same time, and the species appears to be single brooded 
as in S. Russia. Col. Peile’s specimens are certainly all of tke Spring 
brood and all dark ; it is unfortunate he was unable to secure any of the 
Autumn brood, (As mentioned below, I when without,a net put up a few 
one evening at Nineveh late in October when at Mosul for three days only. 
H.D.P.) <A further character in addition to the white veining of the 
underside which may serve to separate S. persephone from S. enervata in the 
male sex is the great prominence of the black sex-mark of the latter across 
the bases of areas 1b (part) to 3.” 
Localities ;—Mesopotamia—Bank of Dyala at Kizil Robat, April, May 1919. 
32 specimens. Bank of R. Tigris at Baiji near Fathah. April-May 1920, over 
40 examples. 
In typical persephone the veins of h.w. are white below and the bands above 
often wholly white. 
Lt.-Col. W. H. Evans to whom specimens of persephone from Baiji (on the 
right bank of the Tigris) were sent, remarks in epistola :—“‘ The localities Seitz 
gives are— 
anthe.—Black Sea, S. Russia, Armenia, Afghanistan and Persia. 
enervata.—C. Asia, Altai, Thian Sham and Turkestan. 
The veins underneath in Chitral specimens could hardly be described as 
white. In yours they are just beginning to be so; so perhaps yours are half 
way to enervata and my Chitral ones (same as C. Asian which I have seen) 
are enervata. Above there seems no difference whatever. In the Spring, 
Chitral ones are tawny, some males being nearly white. In the Autumn they 
were all white, with signs of being tawny. The tawny form is ab. hanifa.”’ 
So far in 1919 and 1920 only the spring brood has been taken, but the writer 
one evening in October 1919 at Nineveh put up some dark graylings probably 
of this species. anthe, Ochs., is from Russia, and always in the type has white 
veins on the underside of h.w., but the form enervata is without these and is 
much more tawny and regarded as separate by Elwes, but placed under anthe 
in Seitz. 
S. pelopea, Klug. Seitz. 1°43 f. 
Similar to telephassa but smaller, and the band lighter in colour, ochreous 
or earthy brown, not tawny, and always in forewing broadly divided by the 
ground colour below the first eyespot, and in hindwing reaching the costa. 
The sex-mark of the ¢ is much more obscure, and the white dots of forewing 
in both sexes more distinct. 
Underside of hindwing more brown than grey and more uniformly marked. 
Expanse.— 3 54, 2 66 mm. 
N. Persia: Karind, Harir and Kermanshah, July 16th to September, nineteen - 
examples, 5 g,14 9. 
Capt. Riley notes on these specimens :—“ Much nearer typical pelopea from 
Syria than to any of the named forms, persica, schahrudensis, tekkensis, &c., 
the underside not quite so red, more mixed with grey and white, the latter 
