346 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST, SOCIETY, Vol. XXVIII. 
Several specimens were taken at Kizil Robat through November, in early 
December 1918 and at end of January 1919; and one at Khanikin, October 
22nd, 1918, the black on the veins on the underside being well marked. One 
female was taken having cream ground-colour. 
Food-plant—capers (Capparis spinosa). 
It ranges from East Africa, through Arabia, Persia and India. 
Larva (description abridged from Chaumette) grass-green ; dorsal line dark 
green ; lateral line very broad, plum coloured ; a white spot on either side of 
dorsal line and a yellow spot on lateral line on each segment. Legs green hairy, 
head shiny black and green; segments black and hairy. 
Localities ;—Mesopotamia—Kizil Robat ; Khanikin ; and range as above men- 
tioned. A female was taken at Kermanshah, N. W. Persia, on August 24th.. 
Of 9 &, 8 2 from Kizil Robat, Khanikin, Jebel Hamrin (Dyala), Fathah, 
and Kermanshah, Capt. Riley notes:—‘‘ All agree very well with the male 
described by LeCerf (Ann. d'Histoire Nat. 1913), but I do not consider they 
can be separated as a race. Only the wet form is represented. Specimens 
from Syria and Palestine are very similar, and also from Quetta, Kandahar, 
Baghdad, &c.” 
Genus PIERIS, Sch. 
P. rapa, L. Sub-sp. iranica, LeCerf. Annales d'Histoire Naturelle 19138. 
The “small cabbage white ’’ is abundant along the banks of the rivers and. 
in gardens generally in Mesopotamia. There are probably several broods in 
the year. Females were seen ovipositing on the upperside of the leaves of low 
growing plants in the third week of June at Baiji, and in November at Baghdad. 
Of 73 @, 52 Q from Mesopotamia (Amara, Baghdad, Fathah, Jebel 
Hamrin, Khanikin, Kirkuk, & Kizil Robat.) and N. W. Persia (Harir, Karind: 
and Kermanshah), 33 ¢, 31 Q of these are now in the British Museum 
collection. 
Capt. Riley notes :—-‘‘ A fine series, from every month in the year except 
August. The January-March forms are very different from the summer 
forms—May to November—and most nearly approach. British Spring rape. 
Those from the transitional periods April and December compare well with the 
British summer form whilst the summer form in Mesopotamia and Persia are 
very different looking insects. The large bright yellow-green area at the base- 
of the forewing below agd the delicate brightness (contrasted with the 
rougher, greyer, winter forms) are very characteristic of it. The winter form 
has the forewing costa below broadly and evenly ochreous from base to the 
apical patch. Intermediate forms shew this breaking and gradually disappear- 
ing to the replaced by the basal green area mentioned above.” 
P. napi pseudorapae, Verity. 
15 &, 3 @ from Harir, 5,300 ft. and Karind Gorge, 16th July, 19th August 
1918. 
Two pairs taken in copula. 
All except 2 @ now incorporated in B. M. collection. 
Note by Capt. Riley :—* This is undoubtedly the form which LeCerf quotes: 
Verity as calling the 2nd generation of P. napi pseudorape ; ‘ 2nd generation’ 
is a trifle misleading ; what is meant is that this is the summer form. Unfor- 
tunately Col. Peile did not obtain the winter and intermediate forms, which 
resemble more the English forms.” 
P, ergane, Hubn, Seitz. Vol. 1, 20d. 
Karind Gorge, 1 Q, 13th August 1918; 3 @, 12, 19th September 1918. 
Not previously recorded from any part of Persia, though taken in Upper 
Mesopotamia and Western Kurdistan. 
