354 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXVIII. 
breadth and in the amount of yellow about them, but are less than in Seitz’s 
fig. of tschudica. 
2 slightly the larger as a rule; the orange patch at apex of f.w. usually 
smaller, sometimes yellowish, and rarely absent (ab. luctifera, Verity). 
Head much tufted with hairs. Palpi short. Antenne short with thick club. 
Legs thick and short. LeCerf has figured this form, but as tschudica to which 
it does not belong. 
Locality—Common in Mesopotamia from 350 to 600 ft. elevation, in 
March and April about low hills and plateaux near the river Dyala, especially 
about two common species of crucifer, one having yellow and the other 
mauve flowers. The males are active, scurrying about and also settle at 
flowers. 
The butterfly varies but little. The orange patch on the forewing is a little 
larger in some males than in others, and, as before mentioned, in the female 
may rarely be absent. 
Expanse.—44-49 mm. Br. Mus. Types, No. Bh. 163 3,164 9; 5 29,9 22, 
from Kizil Robat taken between 25th February and 6th April 1919. 
Habits.—It is a fast flier, but is easily taken at crucifers which it frequents. 
Flight rather like that of P. daplidice, settles more about 10 a.m. than later, 
when it is much on the wing, flying fast and making the chase rather diflicult 
over the rough stony ground where the loose stones are hidden by the grass 
and flowers. On March 24th a female was seen to lay a glistening pearl white 
egg, very similar in appearance to that of H. belemia, on a young head of flower- 
buds of the common yellow crucifer. This had changed to orange on the 27th 
and to blackish grey on the 30th. On March 24th another was seen to lay 
a similar egg on the tip of a central small unopened flower-bud of wild mus- 
tard. A pale green cylindrical larva, of normal Pierid shape, finely dotted 
with black and covered with short hairs, was found on a seed stem of this 
yellow crucifer about the end of March and was perhaps a full grown larva of 
this species, but being hairy was thought at the time to be the larva of some 
moth and so was not kept. 
On April 9th a worn female ewpheme was seen to settle at some half dozen 
young flower-clusters of this yellow crucifer and on one of a mauve-flowered 
erucifer, and was seen to apply the tip of the abdomen to the flower-buds. 
The butterfly was netted and these flower-clusters taken back to camp and 
there examined with a lens, but no egg could be seen on them although the 
abdomen of the butterfly was found to contain 9 eggs. Length to breadth of 
egg is as 4 to 3. ; 
This species was first observed on February 23rd and was commonest in the 
second week of March. On June 25th dry seed-stems of crucifers where the but- 
terfly had previously been common, were carefully searched, but no cocoons could 
be found, so they are probably at the roots. In April 1920, a larva, purple 
with yellow dotted line, was found on a yellow crucifer on a_ hill-crest at 
Fathah which turned to be a‘ beaked * pupa which suspended itself with body- 
girdle like other Huchloe pupa, and was very probably of this form. It died 
as a pupa. 
Z. eupheme dyala, Peile. (Htom. 54, p. 151, 1921). Ann. Mag, 
Nat. Hist., Vol. 8, p 591. See. also Plate. Fig. 1 2. 
Of 26 8, 26 ¥ (now incorporated in B. M. collection), and 6 more. 
Capt. Riley notes :— 
“In some five females the apical patch is entirely deficient of orange 
(=ab. luctifuca, Verity) and in a number of others it is very much restricted 
or nearly obsolete ; the males too show a considerable amount of variation 
in the extent of the orange. 
Ao 
