BUTTERFLIES OF MESOPOTAMIA, 561 
but differs constantly in its much larger size, 30mm. and more, whereas 
xerves is 23-24 mm.; and in being entirely devoid of any trace of basal green 
scaling on the underside of both wings. The upperside colouration ofthe @ 
is perhaps a shade paler and brighter than in typical werxes, and the hind- 
marginal orange lunules in the female more. pronounced. The general 
colouration of the underside in the male lighter, more greyish, less brown 
than in werzes; in the female of a more yellowish brown. The discoidal 
spot on the forewings is anteriorly more acute than in any zerzes examined.” 
B. M. Types Nos. Rh. 177 @, 13th July 1918; 178 9, 16th July 1918, 
Karind Gorge. 
This form was about twice as numerous as dama karinda, but not taken 
later than 12th August, most of the few then being females, whereas 
dama karinda was taken up to yth September. 
A form smaller than the last above mentioned and having a conspicuous 
pale streak on the hindwing beneath, was taken by Capt. Aldworth at 
Suwarra in July 1919. This may have been either f. carmon or actis of the 
damon group. A few specimens were shown to the writer at Mosul. 
L. admetus, Esq. Seitz. Voi. 1,81C. 
One pair taken by Capt. Aldworth at Suwarra, 4,500 ft., July 1919. 
L. baton, sub-sp. clara, Stgr. Seitz. I. 79d. 
Harir, N. W. Persia, 24, 3 9. Taken at flowers of mint on damp 
ground at 5,300 ft. 
Not separable in any way as a race distinct from clara the Asia Minor- 
Turkestan subspecies. 
Taken aiso by Capt. Aldworth at Suwarra, Racca. July 1919. 
Genus HEODES (Curysoryanus, Bdy.) 
H. phioeas, L. ‘“ The small copper.” Seitz. 1.77b. 
The spring form is very like the English form, forewing copper with black 
spots and dark border. 
The summer form is like ab. elews, F., the male sometimes appearing as 
dark on the wing as an Ypthima. 
Of 48 @, 52 9 examined (27 g, 30°92 of these now n B.M.), Capt. 
Riley remarks :— 
““The series shows specimens taken in every month of the year except 
December and January. February, March, April and May specimens are all of 
the typical phiwas form, and so is the single October specimen. 
The remainder, J une-September, are of the form elews, and, as is usual with 
the species throughout its range, very variable. The tendency to blue spot- 
ting of the hindwing above is very marked, which seems rather surprising as, 
in this country at any rate, the increase in these blue marks seems to be the 
result of a wet habitat. Specimens from lowlying wet pastures usually seem 
to have them largest, The form has been named cwruleopuncta, Staud. 
There are such numbers of aberrational names applied to this unfortunate 
species that it is impossible for me to attach any of them to anything—I am 
afraid I must disregard them.” 
Regarding the tendency to blue spotting mentioned by Capt. Riley, it is 
worth mentioning that the majority of the specimens were taken either in a 
damp meadow or about the banks of rivers or canals. 
Localities.—Mesopotamia, common. Kizil Robat, spring form from February 
to the end of April. Summer form end of June (bank of Dyala, Jebel Hamrin). 
N. W, Persia: Karind valley, the dark form very common from mid July anda 
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