422 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXVIII. 
One recorded at Basra by Mr. Donald at the end of November, and one seem 
at close quarters at Amara by Buxton on November 2nd. One was obtained 
at Baghdad on December 28th by Cheesman. 
Meinertzahagen records it from the marshes near Kurna and at Tekrit. Probably 
not uncommon. Cumming obtained one at Fao and there are three specimens 
in the B. M. from Baghdad collected by Loftus. 
170. Golden Eagle. Aquila chrysaetus. 
Zarudny records the Golden Eagle, under the name of fulva, from the Karun 
district in winter and says it nests in small numbers in the Zagros. No other 
records. 
171. Bonelli’s Eagle. Hieraetus fasciatus, 
Hieraétus fasciatus fasciatus (Vieill.) (Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris 2, 2 
p- 152, 1822—Montpellier in 8. France). 
Bonelli’s Eagle appears to be fairly common and resident in at all events ‘ae 
Tekrit area; probably it spreads out in winter to other parts of the plain. Aldworth 
found four or five pairs breeding within a range of twenty miles in the Tekrit 
area. The first nest contained a single egg on February 19th, the nest placed 
on a cliff, and built of sticks was very flat, like a huge Sparrow Hawk’s nest, 
except that it was lined with grass. Nearly three weeks latera secondegg was 
taken from the same nest. A second nest in the area contained two eggs on 
March 12th ; the female was shot for identification. Zarudny lists it for the 
Karun district in winter. Meinerzhagen says the Arabs prize it for gazelle 
hewking. 
172. Booted Eagle. Hieraetus pennatus. 
Hieraétus pennatus (Gm.) (Syst. Nat. I, i, p. 272, 1788—France ?). 
Weigold records this as the commonest large bird of prey at Urfa and several 
observers thought they saw it commonly in our area. No skins obtained, but . 
there are three from Fao in the British Museum obtained by Cumming. 
173. Sea Eagle. Haliaetus albicilla. 
Haliaétus albicilla (L.) (Syst Nat. Ed. x, 1, p. 89, 1758——-Sweden). 
This fine Eagle is resident and breeds in the Tekrit area and is not uncommon ; 
to the rest of the Mesopotamian rivers and inundations it wanders in winter. 
Aldworth found three pairs breeding in the cliffs at Tekrit by the river. The 
first nest held two eggs on January 28th ; another nest had two hard set eggs on 
February 3rd, and the third two fresh eggs on February 8th ; these nests were 
all in caves in the face of the cliffs about 30 to 50 feet from the top and were lined 
with tufts of grass. The bird whose egg was taken on January 28th was sitting 
again on March Ist. An old female shot from the nest had the whole bill yellow ; 
iris pale yellow ; tarsi pale, bright yellow. 
This Eagle also breeds at Birejik on the Euphrates beyond our area, whence, 
Mr. Parkin has a clutch of three eggs. 
174. Pallas’ Fish Eagle. Haliaetus leucoryphus. 
Haliaétus leucoryphus (Pall.) (Reise. d. versch. Proy. Russ. Reichs I, 
p. 454, 1771—S. Russia). 
Several observers recorded single birds over the rivers and inundations during 
the winter. Zarudny also records it in winter. 
No skins obtained. 
175. Steppe Buzzard. Buteo buteo. 
Buteo buteo anceps, Brehm. (=desertorwm auct.) (Naumannia, 1855 
p- 5—Blue Nile). 
