502 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXVIII, 
to be found lazily flitting about every garden in the plains. In N. E. India 
and Burma many of the Euploeas are shot with a most splendid iridescent 
blue colour. A third genus (Hestia) containing very large black-spotted 
diaphanous butterflies is to be found near the coast in Ceylon and South 
India and in the mangrove swamps of Burma. 
B. Satyrids or “‘ Browns”. As a rule the members of this somewhat 
numerous group prefer the shade and are most often to be seen flitting about 
in jungle ; a few species patronise rocky slopes. They are mostly sober 
coloured insects with rings oreyes on the wings and in England are known 
as meadow-browns, heaths, walls, ringlets. etc. They vary in size from the 
tiny Ypthima to the very large Neorina of N. E. India. 
C. Morphids. This group attains its greatest development in South 
America whence come those wonderful metallic blue insects one sees in the 
shop windows of Regent Street mounted as ornaments. They are only 
found in or on the edge of thick jungle and do not fly much by day unless 
beaten up. Nearly all the species are very large and, though our Indian 
forms do not equal the 8. American ones in splendour, yet they have nceth- 
ing to be ashamed of. 
D. Nymphalids. These are the true sun lovers amongst butterflies and 
the group contains a large number of handsome species. The well known 
“ Painted lady” can be taken as their universal representative, but the 
diversity of forms is extraordinary. Some of them, the genus Charaxes 
for example, have very large and strong bodies and can fly like birds ; others, 
such as the delicate ‘‘ Map butterfly ”’ sail gracefully in the sunshine. The 
wonderful “ Leaf butterfly ’, the white and red ‘“‘ Admirals ’’, the “ Tortoi- 
ses’, the “ Purple emperor ’’ and the “ Fritillaries ” are all members of 
this group. We all know the merry little bright blue and yellow Junonias 
that flit about just in front of us along our bungalow paths, also the large 
Hypolimnas with blue-ringed white circles that often appears in swarms 
shortly after the break in the rains. 
E. Papilionids or Swallowtails. Many of them have no tails and are 
mistaken for members of the preceding groups ; however a glance at the 
legs settles th point at once ; in this and the following groups the forelegs 
are as long as the others, while in the preceding groups the forelegs are short 
and quite useless for walking. There are many magnificent swallowtails 
in India and they can vie in beauty and diversity with their cousins in any 
other part of the globe. In the South and North East and in Burma there 
fly the Ornithoptera, great black insects with brilliant yellow hind wings, 
which fly slowly far out of reach at the tops of trees. Then there is the 
wonderful black swallowtail with a peacock-green hindwing found in the 
hills,and the delicate white, black striped, swallowtail of the Himalayas. In 
the family are included a few species belonging to genera other than the 
true Papilio. There is the Armandia, a truly magnificent butterfly from 
Bhutan, the Naga and Chin Hills, a many-tailed creature with a larg red 
area on the hind wing. The Tetnopalpus, a wonderful green and yellow 
butterfly, that is to be found on Tiger Hill, Darjiling, and in the hills of 
Assam and North Burma. The Leptocircus, a small and very curious look- 
ing insect, which has enormously long tails and presents a striking resem- 
blance to a dragonfly. Finally the Parnassius or ‘ Apollo ” butterflies, 
inhabitants of the highest Himalayas ; beautiful white insects with black, 
red or blue spots. 
PF. Pierids, or “‘ Whites”. The majority are white, such as the well 
known “ Cabbage white ”, but many are yellow and a few are even red or 
blue. There are the “‘Brimstones”’, “Clouded-—yellows’’ and ‘“‘Orange tips”’. 
The most characteristic Indian representatives are perhaps the members of 
the genus Catopsiiia, large greenish white insects, and the small yellow 
