BUTTERFLY COLLECTING IN INDIA. 515 
of Madras would yield a number of specialised local races and, as far as I know, 
no one has ever worked them out. 
29. For the butterflies of Karachisee Vol. 2 and 3 and P. Z. S. 1884. I know 
of no list from Baluchistan ; it is an interesting district and after many efforts I 
got myself posted there one November but am sorry to say was transferred again 
the following March. I believe that Hanna and Urak are good collecting grounds, 
and I am sure that Ziarat would be productive. A really good collection from 
Baluchistan would be of value to science. In the Safed Koh beyond Kohat good 
and little known butterflies are to be obtained. At the beginning of this century 
it was my good fortune to spend two years in Chitral, a most delightful and inter- 
esting country, containing a number of butterflies nop met with elsewhere. 
The central Asian strain is very evident, but a great number of the butterflies 
have developed into well defined races. I found the bzautiful Ashreth valley 
leading up to the Lowarai Pass most productive in May and September ; the 
Retreat up the Tarben Nallah and Sanitarium Hill near Drosh were good places 
and my collectors did well in the Utzun nallah. I spent ten days in August up 
the Shishi Kuh at Madaglasht and found butterflies abundant. Sanoghar is a 
good locality, while a visit to the Shandur Pass is worth nearly all the rest put 
together. This Pass is 12,000 feet above sea level and contains a lake about 1} 
miles long by $ mile wide ; in July and August the borders of the lake are car- 
peted with flowers and, what are known as really rare butterflies, are abundant- 
above the Pass rare Parnassiids are to be encountered, while the valley between; 
the pass and the village of Laspur swarms with butterflies. I shall always look 
back with the fondest recollections to my two years in Chittral. An account of 
the butterflies will be found in Vol. 14. 
30. Iam afraid I can give no information regarding Kashmir or Ladak, having 
never visited them myself and I know of no published list of the butterflies. 
Rare butterflies are to be obtained at high elevations, but on the whole it does 
not appear to be a butterfly collector's paradise. I have spent 3 seasons in 
Murree, but it is a poor country for butterflies ; the Galis in the neighbourhood 
are very much better, more especially in the Spring to the end of June. Dunga 
Gali is well worth a visit. The bottom of the Lahur Valley, between Dunga and 
Khanspur is chock full of butterflies in June ; it is a fiendish place to get down 
into and the best method of approach is by meansofa path leading down from 
behind the Roman Catholic Church at Khanspur. The valley below the Chief 
Commissioner’s house at Nathia Gali along the old Kashmir Road is a good 
collecting ground, as is also the catchment area of the Murree watersupply and 
the top of Mokshipuri hill above Dunga, where a Parnassiid is to be caught. An 
account of the butterflies of this part of the Punjab, including Attock and Rawal- 
pindi, etc., is to be found in P. Z. 8. 1886. For the Kangra District see P. Z. 8. 
1882 ; from Kulu I know of no list having been published ; for Lahore see Vol. 
25 of the Journal. I know of no connected account of the butterflies of Simla ; 
I have spent several years there and it is undoubtedly superior to Murree. Round 
Elysium Hill, Potters Hill and Summer Hill a good many species are to be seen, 
but better places are Mahasu and Mashobra, while to those who can find the 
leisure, a visit to Narkanda and Bagi is well worth undertaking. The late Mr, 
P.W. Mackinnon in Vol. 11 published an excellent list of the butterflies of Mus. 
soorie ; I spent a profitable ten days there many years ago and found the Bre- 
wery nallah most productive in May ; the further East one goes in the Hima- 
layas the more species are to be obtained. Kumaon is a country [ am not acquaint. 
ed with, but it is a most interesting part of the Empire, since itis more 
or less the meeting place of the N. W. Himalayan and the N. E. Indian sub-areas - 
a good list was published by the late Mr. F. Hannyngton in Vol. 20. An investi; 
gation of the butterflies of Nepal and Western Garhwal is most desirable. For 
Lucknow see Vol. 14. 
31. The N. E. Indian fauna proper commence with the Darjiling district or 
