532 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXVIII, 
Snow Leopard—Felis uncia. 
P. 326. The Snow Leopard descends to the villages in winter and preys on 
the village sheep. Itis then that most of the skins are obtained by 
trapping the animals in pit-falls. 
Caracal— Felis caracal, 
P. 339. I feel sure that “ ech’ as the vernacular name is due to a misprint. 
** Ke ’ in the Ladakhi and Tibetan name for the lynx. I never heard 
‘*“ec”’ or “ech ’’, and it seems to have been adopted in a mangled 
form by mistake. Ido not think the caracalever crosses the main 
Himalayan chain, or even penetrates far into the outer hills. It is 
essentially a beast of a dry country, rock and scrub jungle. 
Lynx—Felis isabellina. 
P. 343, Isaw afemale with three cubs in the Hanle district, in early August 
1911. They were at about 17,000 feet. The cubs seemed very tame, 
and I could easily have shot the mother but did not want to be bur- 
dened with them. They were playing amongst some boortsia scrub 
in a ravine, and when the mother ran off and stood 100 yards away, 
the cubs let me get within 20 yards before following her. They seemed 
about three months old. This species is common in the willow- 
covered flats of the Shyek and Nubra Valleys, where they live largely 
on the hares (L. craspedotis) which abound. The natives there accus- 
ed them of killing an occasional lamb or kid from the village flocks. 
In Rupshu another species of hare (L. oiostolus) seems to afford their 
staple diet. 
Indian Civet—Viverra zibetha. 
P. 348. I shot a specimen of this species near Kawkareik, in Tenasserim, whose 
skin measured 49 inches. 
Wolf—Canis lupus. 
. P. 356. They have increased in numbers of late years in Rupshu and Lahoul, 
and do much damage to the sheep. 
I saw one at midday in August 1911 sitting on the summit of a 
low hill in Rupshu howling most dolefully. What it was about I 
cannot think, but his grief was not sufficiently great to make him any 
less wary than usual, and I failed to get a shot. 
I saw a very fine specimen in the Kala Chitta Range in November 
1919. 
Brown Bear—Ursus arctus isabellinus. 
P. 372. Many old males seem to take to carnivorous habits in the Autumn, 
I have known one (September 1905) which regularly raided a sheep 
fold in the Liddar Valley, Kashmir ; it was eventually killed in the 
act. Another killed a pony, commencing to eat the unfortunate 
animal before it was quite dead. 
At the end of October 1919 a heavy snowstorm drove the bears 
jown off the Shamshibri Range, and I killed a fine male brown bear 
and a large female black bear right and left ; on going up next day to 
look for the mate of the brown, I found her eating her husband’s 
carcase, from which the skin had of course been removed, and shot 
her. She had a very curious coat, consisting entirely of the fine 
undercoat or ‘‘ pushm’’ which was developed to an unusual length ; 
there were no long hairs of the usual type except in the region of 
the face. 
Black Bear— Ursus torquatus. ; 
P. 383. Black bear raid the flocks very freely in the autumn. At the begin- 
ning of September 1905, I was camped close to a big sheep fold which 
was raided three nights in succession by a couple of black bears. 
Their method was to burst into the fold and stampede the sheep 
