MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. 537 
No. IV.—OCCURRENCE OF THE TREE SHREW (ANATHANA 
W ROUGHTONI) AT KHANDALLA, POONA DISTRICT. 
I gather the occurrence of a Tree Shrew Anathana (Tupaia of Blanford) 
in the Ghauts in the vicinity of Bombay was not known until a few 
years before the war, when a specjmen was procured from Matheran 
(thought an escaped captive at the time). However I sent Mr, Kinnear 
a skin of a male from the jungle below the “‘ Duke’s Nose” in 1914, and 
have observed the animal repeatedly in Matheran as well as in certain dense 
and rocky forests just below the top of the Ghauts in the part extending from 
the ‘‘ Duke’s Nose’? to Dhak Fort. I have failed so far to observe it on 
Sakhopathar Hill or further south along the Ghauts, although very suitable 
sites occur there, and I have also met with it between Dhak Fort and Bimashan- 
ker Hill. It is possible that its distribution is capricious and local, and I under- 
stand that with the exception above the nearest known occurrence is in the 
Eastern Ghauts in Madras Presidency. 
As far as my very frequent observations tend to show, the animal is far from 
being so arboreal as its name seems to imply. I nearly always saw it on the 
ground, nosing fussily about, and reminding the observer forcibly of a very small 
mongoose. It also does not seem to have the jerky motion of the tail like the 
squirrel, nor have I ever seen any in the position, so very characteristic of the 
squirrel tribe, of clinging head downward to the bark of a perpendicular trunk. 
Stomach examination produced insects, mostly coleoptera and tiny fragments of 
bones. I have no doubt that the shrew does not hesitate to attack birds and 
small mammals on occasions, as I saw one making straight for a wounded Mini- 
vet (Pericrocotus flammeus) with quite unmistakable intentions, 
It is a quick moving and playful animal, and, like the squirrel, an excellent 
climber. I always found it very shy, and frequenting parts of the jungle with 
very dense undergrowth of bushes and creepers witb rocks strewn in between. 
M. SUTER, p.sc. 
BomsBay, 
September 1921. 
[Three species of Tree Shrew are found in Peninsular India. A. elliotti of the 
Eastern Ghauts ; A. pallida of the Central Provinces (type from Manbhum, 
Bengal), and the species referred to by Dr. Suter, A. wroughtoni of which the 
type locality is Surat. The name 7'wpaia has been reserved for the forms of 
Tree Shrew occurring outside Peninsular India. (See Journal, B. N. H. 5., 
Vol. XXVI, page 29.)—Ep1rors. ] 
No. V.—THE BREEDING OF ELEPHANTS IN CAPTIVITY. 
Throughout Burma there are herds of elephants engaged upon the extraction 
of timber. These beasts are living under conditions dissimilar to those under 
which the owners keep their animals in India and the domesticated Burma ele- 
phant enjoys an almost free life. 
Many wild elephants are caught in ‘‘ keddahs ’’, nooses and traps and their 
introduction to the semi-free life of the domestic animal is carried through rapidly. 
When the timber-working elephant is required for any purpose, the attendant 
follows up the tracks, unloosens the hobble-fetters, rides the beast into camp, 
when, after a bath and the application of harness, the animal proceeds to work. 
Work completed for the day, the attendant unharnesses the elephant, replaces 
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