ON ECONOMIC TKAINING IN THIS AND OTHEK COUNTRIES. o7 6 



less weight.' On the other hand, and in the other direction, different 

 suggestions have been made. Some advocate the extension of compulsory 

 study to engineers who will become officials and directors in factories, to 

 the einployes of the fiscal service, to those attending the more elementary 

 technical schools. Others would like to see schools of political and social 

 science (including Economics) founded in the great industrial centres. 

 Whether these suggestions be carried out or not, they serve to illustrate 

 the feeling which exists, at least on the part of some, with regard to the 

 value of Economics both as a special and as a branch of general study. 



HUNGARY. 



Economics holds a position somewhat similar to that in Austria. It 

 is obligatory on all students in the faculty of law and political science at 

 the two universities,' and in the Rechtsakademien (legal faculties, as at 

 Kassa), who must take courses in Economics and Finance before the end 

 of their second year, when they have to pass an examination, among the 

 subjects of which these are included. After the second year their studies 

 bifurcate, according to the degree which they seek (Dr. Juris, or Dr. 

 Politics). In order to obtain the former, they must also pass an ex- 

 amination in financial law. But if they wish to take the latter degree 

 (Dr. Politics), they must pass two rigorosa, among the subjects of which 

 are Economics (theoretical and practical). Finance, Finance Law, and 

 Statistics. The knowledge required in this case is exceedingly thorough, 

 and the degree is of high value in the public service. There ar3 also 

 State examinations which serve as qualifications, though to a lesser extent, 

 for the legal and administrative services. Though easier, they correspond 

 closely with the above. In the universities the system of economic study 

 in its general features resembles that in vogue in Austria, the chief 

 courses being those on Economics and Finance ; but both at Budapest and 

 Klausenburg (Kalozsvar), as, for instance, at Strassburg to take a parallel, 

 these studies belong not to a sole legal faculty, but to a legal and political 

 faculty (Rechts- und Staatswissenschaftliche Fakulttit). In addition to 

 successful examinations the candidates have to present a thesis. The 

 possession of the degree of Dr. Cameralium implies a very sound economic 

 training, and it was till lately the chief means of entering the higher civil 

 service both of the kingdom and of the States. Considerable attention is 

 paid to Economics, the seminai-s being well frequented, and the interest 

 and activity of students great. This is particularly true of Budapest, 

 where the lectures are varied and delivered by a numerous and able 

 staff. 



GERMANY. 



The differences in the history and regulations of the various States 

 composing the German Empire have led, not unnaturally, to considerable 

 differences in the positions which economic studies occupy. On the one 

 hand, they are affected by the diversity of usage existing as to their con- 

 nection with the course of study required for the legal profession and the 

 civil service. On the other hand, the particular faculty in which they are 

 included has been determined by reasons possessing little but historical 

 validity. 



^ Budapest, Klausenburg (Kalozsvar). 



