ON THE ETHNOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. 421 



West Kirby. 



Caldy. 



Tlmrstaston. 



Heswell. 



Neston. 



Easthouse. 



Bromborough. 



Birkenhead. 



Bebingtoii. 



Storeton. 



Sedsham. 



Wiilaston. 



Burton. 



Stoke Thornton. 



Buckford. 



Bidston. 



Garston. 



Mr. Cox describes these as quiet, primitive, and little altered rural 

 places, having strong characteristics of i-ace. For examjale, at Crosby 

 there is a dark, sallow, small tribe, of idle and listless habits, given to petty 

 thefts, full of supei'stitions, and difficult to train. Adjacent to these, at 

 North Meols, the flat district near Southport, is a large, stoutly built race 

 of light complexion and hair, fresh -coloured, honest, lethargic, good hus- 

 bandmen, with a Flemish or Dutch type of face and figure. Till the last 

 century, or the early part of this century, these folks were entirely local 

 and cut off from association with any considerable town or traffic ; they 

 have their own ways and customs, fast becoming obsolete. 



5. In the peninsula of Lleyn, the S.W. part of Carnarvonshire, Professor 

 Anwyl has furnished the following additional names of places : — 



Aherdaron. — The men of this village and neighbourhood, at the extreme 

 end of the peninsula, are known over the greater part of Wales as 

 'gwirioniaid Aberdaron,' or 'the fools of Aberdaron.' Many of them 

 still have probably never seen a railway train, and their acquaintance 

 with town life is very imperfect. A distinction must, however, be drawn 

 between the occupiers of the large and flourishing farms of the neighbour- 

 hood, such as Bodwrdda, Meillionydd, and the like, and the inhabitants of 

 the mud houses situated on the barren moorland known as Rhos Hirwaen, 

 in the central part of the far end of the peninsula. The inhabitants of 

 this extensive waste, dotted with occasional homesteads, are considered by 

 t!ie neighbourhood around to be inferior in inteUigence. However that 

 may be, their civilisation is at a distinctly lower level than that of the 

 people living on the main roads between the extreme end of the peninsula 

 and Pwllheli and Nevin. This is due largely to economical causes : the 

 land on which they live is very poor, and consequently they have not the 

 means of providing the adjuncts of civilisation. Professor Anwyl has 

 heard one family, whose members are scattered over this moorland, called 

 ' teulu y Carthod,' but has not been able to discover why they were so 

 called. They are looked upon as the lowest in intelligence in the district. 

 One said to be a member of this family was of a rather swarthy com- 

 plexion, jjossessing in appearance a somewhat Mongolian cast of features. 

 The forehead was small and the hair dark. In visiting the Board school 

 of Llidiardau, to which the children of this district go. Professor Anwyl 

 was struck with what appeared to be a marked absence of faces of any 

 prettiness. On the top of a hill called Mynydd Bodwrdda, in the imme- 

 diate neighbourhood of tliis district, there are remains of earthworks. On 

 a farm called Penybont, at the end nearest Pwllheli of Rhos Hirwaen, is' 

 a very conspicuous monolith. The district of Aberdaron includes the 

 promontory of Braichypwll, on the coast over against Bardsey Island. On 

 a plot of ground facing the Eardsey sound there are remains of an old 

 church, generally connected with the ancient pilgrimages to Bardsey. 



