ON THE ETHNOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. 423 



Hen Wenhwyfar ' or ' Yi' Hen Andros.' Cebyst(r) is also used in this way. 

 Among the rocks of Creigiau Duon, in Penllech Bay, is a cave called ' Ogof 

 Huw bion Ychain,' who is thought to have lived in it. There is also on the 

 land of a holding called Tyn y Cae an ' Ogof Sian,' and there were stories 

 designed to frighten children said about it. 'Mor Gerwyn,' in the neigh- 

 bourhood of ' Berthaur ' farm, was popularly believed to have no bottom. 

 Children were told not to go near the river ' neu mi neith yr hen lemprog dy 

 futa di ' = 'or the old lamprey will eat thee.' It is believed that snake 

 bites can be cured by bandaging the finger with the skin of the snake or 

 the entrails of a newly killed fowl. The flowers of the foxglove are sup- 

 posed to cause sores upon the hands. Pieces of string placed in a certain 

 way on wells were supposed to be means of witchcraft. Ghosts are gene- 

 rally described as being ' Olwyn mewn olwyn o dan ' = ' a wheel within a 

 wheel of fire,' and not unfrequently as dragging chains after them. It is 

 considered impious by some to point to a rainbow. The mode employed 

 for drawing lots is generally the method called ' tynu byra docyn ' = ' to 

 draw the shortest ticket.' Strangers are generally pressed to keep on their 

 liats while indoors. The ' offrwm ' = ofl'ering, is still kept up at funerals, 

 so also the ' wylnos ' = vigil night. 



G. The number of villages and places enumerated has thus been 

 increased to 367, and the Committee have every reason to be satisfied 

 with the result of the first step they took. The second step — that of 

 settling the form of schedule- — has occupied much time, especially the 

 portion of the form relating to physical observations, which differs to some 

 extent from that given in the first report. The Committee have to thank 

 Dr. Garson and Professor Haddon for the attention they have given to 

 this matter. 



7. The form of the schedule of physical types of the inhabitants as 

 now settled for England is given at the end of this report. 



8. The other schedules have not been altered from the forms given in 

 the first report. Copies of the schedules have been sent to the corre- 

 .spondents of the Committee, and also to the secretaries of the correspond- 

 ing societies of the Association, to whom a circular has been addressed, 

 requesting that the schedules may be brought under the notice of the 

 council of each society, and containing the following observations : — 



' My Committee venture to hope that your society and its members 

 will be willing to assist in their work, and I have to suggest for your 

 consideration whether that might not most conveniently be done by the 

 appointment of a sub-committee, consisting of persons each of whom 

 would be willing to undertake one of the heads of the investigation. 



' I may draw your attention to the directions for measurement, by 

 which you will see that the absolutely essential instruments required for 

 the physical measurements can be obtained for 11. 6s. My Committee 

 quite appreciate that they are asking your members for what may involve 

 the devotion of some time, and they are glad, therefore, that the cost in 

 money need not be very great.' 



9. Sufficient time has not yet elapsed for obtaining answers from all 

 the corresponding societies, but several sub-committees have already been 

 formed or are in course of formation. The Malton Field Naturalists' and 

 Scientific Society has formed a sub-committee, of which Dr. Ernest 

 Colley is chairman. Miss Nina F. Layard, of Ipswich, has taken steps 

 towards the formation of a sub-committee for that district, and has 

 obtained the co-operation of Mr. G. Hetherington for the physical 



