428 REPORT— 1894. 



APPENDIX II. 



Directions for Measurement. 



Instrument required for these measurements : — The ' Traveller's 

 Anthropometer,' manufactured by Aston &, Mander, 25 Old Compton 

 Sti-eet, London, W.C. ; price 3/. 3s. complete ; without 2-metre steel 

 measuring tape and box footpiece, 21. 10s. With this instrument all the 

 measurements can be taken. In a permanent laboratory it will be found 

 convenient to have a fixed graduated standard for measuring the height, 

 or a scale affixed to a wall. For field work a tape measure may be tem- 

 porarily suspended to a rigid vertical support, with the zero just touching 

 the ground or floor. A 2-metre tape, a pair of folding callipers, a folding 

 square, all of which are graduated in millimetres, and a small set-square 

 can be obtained from Aston ik Mander for 1/. 6s. ; with this small 

 equipment all the necessary measurements can be taken. 



Height Standing. — The subject should stand perfectly upright, with 

 his back to the standard or fixed tape, and his eyes directed horizontally 

 forwards. Care should be taken that the standard or support for the tape 

 is vertical. The stature may be measured by placing the person with his 

 back against a wall to which a metre scale has been affixed. The height 

 is determined by placing a carpenter's square or a large set-square against 

 the support in such a manner that the lower edge is at right angles to the 

 scale ; the square should be placed well above the head, and then brought 

 down till its lower edge feels the resistance of the top of the head. The 

 observer should be careful that the height is taken in the middle line of the 

 head. If the subject should object to take off his boots, measure the 

 thickness of the boot-heel, and deduct it from stature indicated in boots. 



Height Sitting. — For this the subject should be seated on a low stool 

 or bench, having behind it a graduated rod or tape with its zero level with 

 the seat ; he should sit perfectly erect, with liis back well in against the 

 scale. Then proceed as in measuring the height standing. The square 

 should be employed here also if the tape against a wall is used. 



Length of Cranixim. — Measured with callipers from the most prominent 

 part of the projection between the eyebrows (glabella) to the most distant 

 point at the back of the head in the middle line. Care should be taken 

 to keep the end of the callipers steady on the glabella by holding it there 

 with the fingers, while the other extremity is searching for the maximum 

 projection of the head behind. 



Breadth of Cranium. — The maximum breadth of head, which is usually 

 about the level of the toj) of the ears, is measured at right angles to the 

 length. Care must be taken to hold the instrument so that both its points 

 are exactly on the same horizontal level. 



Face Length. — This is measured from the slight furrow which marks 

 the root of the nose, and which is about the level of a line drawn from the 

 centre of the pupil of one eye to that of the other, to the under part of the 

 chin. Should there be two furrows, as is often the case, measure from 

 between them. 



Upper Face Length. — From root of nose to the interval between the two 

 central front teeth at their roots. 



Face JJreadth. — Maximum breadth of face between the bony projections 

 in front of the ears. 



Inter-ocular Breadth. — Width between the internal angles of ths eyes. 

 While this is being measured the subject should shut his eyes. 



