358 REPORT— 1895. 



9. ' The Coast of Pembrokeshire (Southern Part),' by Kenneth W. A. 

 G. McAlpin, Assoc.Inst.C.E., Pembroke Dock. No appreciable quantity of 

 shingle is removed, no groynes occur, and the shingle does not travel ; the 

 rocky coasts are holding their own, and have reached the maximum of 

 resistance, but traces of submerged forests at Newgale and Amroth point 

 to former encroachments. 



10. 'The Coast of Pembrokeshire (North-western Part),' by Captain 

 Thomas Griffiths and H. Whiteside Williams, F.G.S. There are 

 traces of submerged forests, pointing to subsidence, some trunks of which 

 show traces of the axe. 



Third Report, 1888.1 



Memorandum C. — ' Notes on the Coast-line from Penarth to Porth 

 Cawl, in Glamorganshire,' by Horace Woodward, F.G.S., Geological 

 Survey. Material has travelled from the west, and owing to encroach- 

 ments of the sea it has been heaped up oii to old alluvial ground. The 

 erosion of rock cliffs is not large. 



Memorandum D. — ' Notes on the Coast from the Wyre to the Pibble,' 

 by A. Dowson, C.E., Westminster. Great denudation takes place between 

 Rossall Point and Blackpool, at the latter a sea-wall Ijeing twice destroyed. 

 Considers sea-walls without groynes cause the shingle in front of them ta 

 be driven away, and solid groynes to cause dangerous scour, whilst open 

 groynes, allowing the water to pass through, arrest the shingle and stop 

 erosion. 



Memorandum E. — ' Notes on Coast of Durham between the Pi vers 

 Tyne and Wear,' by Hugh BRAMWELL.Whitburn Coal Company. At South 

 shields large quantities of sand are removed from just above ordinary 

 and exceptional high tide marks for grinding sheet-glass ; the sand is 

 blown up and no appreciable waste of the coast takes place. The Tyne 

 piers have absolutely stopped the travel of shingle from the north. Traces 

 of submerged forests occur at Whitburn. 



Memorandum F. — ' Copies of seven Reports to the War Office and to 

 other Government Departments on Various Parts of the South-Eastern 

 Coasts (1856-1867),' communicated by J. B. Redman, M.Inst.C.E. Printed 

 by permission of the War Department. 



1. 'Sandown Castle.' In April 1857 the Secretary of State for War 

 communicated to the Mayor of Deal to the effect that unless adjacent 

 landowners to Sandown Castle joined with the Government in carrying 

 out Mr. Redman's scheme for preserving that coast, the Castle would be 

 dismantled and no further expenditure made on it. A copy of Mr. Red- 

 man's report was sent to the Mayor, the coast then being worn back more 

 than 50 feet in four years, and he pointed out that at Walmer and the 

 Admiralty premises at Deal the removal of shingle is strictly forbidden, 

 and that this should be enforced along the length of the coast under con- 

 sideration. This was afterwards done for the Deal frontage, but through 

 no works being carried out as suggested, a recession of coast has taken 

 place of 150 feet in six and a quarter years. 



2. ' Sheerness Sea-Defences.' Pteport from Mr. Redman to Majoi* 

 Jervois, R.E. Refers to indiscriminate and injudicious removal of shingle 

 and material at Cheney Point, at low water, as hurtful to all interested 

 in the neighbouring foreshores, and even to the prospective advantage of 



' Brit. Assoc. Report, 1888, pp. 898-933. 



