ON THE EROSION OF THE SEA-COASTS OF ENGLAND AND WALES. 375 



There is, however, an increasing accumulation of shingle on the east side of 

 Selsca Bill, but I have not had an opportunity of examining this. 



16. None. 



17. No. 



19. I should arid that from opposite Marsh Farm to Thorney Farm there is low-lying 

 land below the level of high water. This is partly protected by a ridge of 

 shingle similar to that opposite Lancing. The sea is, however, constantly 

 sweeping this ridge backwards and encroaching on the land. 



(3) Ahout 1 JUile between LittlelMmpton and Bognnr, Sussex. 



1. A small portion of the English coast midway between Littlehampt on and Bognor, 



Sussex, for about one mile in length opposite the old Coastguard Station, in the 

 parish of Middleton. 



2. It varies from low clay cliffs from 8 to 10 feet above H.W.M. to land which is 



below the level of H.W., but protected by the accumulation of beach. 



3. Generally east and west, but at the cast end of the frontage it trends rather 



towards the north. 

 ■4. South-west. 



5. South-west, but the south-east wind will assist in piling up shingle when the 



groynes are placed in a certain direction, in this case pointing south-east. 



6. I believe the flood tide flows eastwards until about 1| hour before H.W. It 



then turns and flows westwards. 



7. (1) a. 16 feet. b. 11| feet (Admiralty Tide Tables). (2) I should say about 



400 yards, but am not quite certain. 



8. The area covered by the tide near H.W.M. consists of shingle, under which is a 



yellowish loamy clay. The foreshore consists of sand overlying chalk marl. 



9. a. In the general line of coast about 150 feet in breadth, but there is a bay or sudden 



bend in the coast line v.'here it measures about 270 feet, there being a large 

 accumulation of shingle in this bay. to. In the general line, roughly speaking, 

 about half the breadth would be above H.W.S.T., and about half below that 

 level on the windward side of the old groynes, but less than that proportion 

 below HW.S.T. on the leeward side owing to scour. d. The largest are 

 chalk flints, and would measure about 6 to 8 inches, e. The surface of the 

 shingle is formed in ' spring ' and ' neap fulls.' I took several sections of 

 the surface in September, 1888, and found that they varied in height accord- 

 ing to the situation. Thus in the bay the ' spring full ' is about 4 to 5 feet 

 above H.W.S.T., and the ' neap full ' about level with H.W.S.T. In the 

 straight line of the coast the ' spring full ' is about level with H.W.S.T., and 

 the ' neap full ' about 4 feet below it. These differences may be due to the 

 higher level of the planking on the groynes in the bay. 



10. The shingle was being swept away in places when I first went there in September 



last owing to the defective state of the groynes, but it is now accumulating 

 since I built new and more substantial groynes. I cannot say the rate. 



11. The diminution was due, as I have said, to the worn-out condition of the old 



groynes. 



12. a. The old groynes for the most part are at rightangles to the shore-line. 



b. I measured eight of them, and their lengths average about 240 feet each. 



c. All sorts of distances apart, but they would average about 100 feet. 



d. The old groynes have existed for many years, but I cannot say how long. 

 The shingle of the 'spring full,' on the windward side of the old groynes, 

 was about level with the top of the planking of the old groynes, but on the 

 leeward side it is in some places 4 and 5 feet, and in others 8 feet, below the 

 top of the planking, e. Timber piles and planking, i. They arrest the travel- 

 ling of the shingle on the windward side, but on the leeward side, as generally 

 happens in all ' right angle ' groynes, the sea scours out the shingle, and thus 

 H.W.M. encroaches nearer the land. [N.B. — I have referred here to the old 

 groynes, but the new groynes I have built this winter are placed in a different 

 direction, viz., pointing south-east. They are of timber, but are more sub- 

 stantially built than the old ones. The effect of them, which I ascribe to the 

 <lirection, has been very striking, since they have been finished in accumulating 

 beach and sand, both on their windward and leeward sides, so much so that 



