ON THE EROSION OF THE SEA-COASTS OF ENGLAND AND WALES. 377 



of sea-wall erected about forty years ago. Their influence in accumulating 

 beach is felt as far westwards as Runton, from 1 to 2 miles distant. 

 13. a. Mainly between high- and low- water marks, b. Asbuildingmaterials. Forroads 

 and to potteries, c. (a) Yes, purchased of lords of manors, (i) Surveyors of 

 Cromer and neighbouring parishes, (c) Soho Mills Co., Staffordshire ; potteries, 

 and others by agreement with lords of manors, d. Yes; particularly at 

 West Runton, and between East and West Runton, where large quantities of 

 rock stones have been removed. 



Estuary of the Humber. 

 By C. Fox Steangwats, Scarborough. 



1. Part of the estuary of the Humber. 



2. Low cliffs of warp and boulder clay. a. About 12 feet. b. A foot or two below 



H.W.M. 



3. East and west, curving to the north-east. 

 8. Principally mud, a little shingle. 



14. a. Quarter of a mile west of Ferriby Sluice and at Ferriby Hall. 1). Warp 

 clay. Slightly below H.W.M. c. 150 yards and 80 yards respectivel}' since 

 Ordnance map sheet 8G was made. e. What little shingle there is does not 

 appear to cause any difference. 



16. The mud banks of the Humber shift and vary their position, and some of them 

 have been embanked since the publication of the Ordnance map, and are now 

 inhabited. 



Northumberland, Durham, Cumberland, and Westmorland. 

 Ey Lt.-Col. Melville, C.R.E., Newcastle. 



1. My sub-district comprises Northumberland, Durham, Cumberlarjd, and Westmor- 



land. I see Tynemouth in Northumberland most frequently. 



2. Cliff, sinking to sandbanks further north, a. Principally sandstone, b. (a) About 



100 feet, (h) About 60 feet, (c) About 20 feet. 



3. North and south. 



4. South-west and east, especially the latter in spring. 



5. a. East. 



6. Southward. 



7. («) 14f feet. (J) llj feet, (^c) Average about 100 yards. 



8. Sand with rocks in places. 

 10. Neither. 



XZ. No. 



13. No. 



14. No. 



16. No. 



17. No. 



Pensam, near Abergele, Denbighshire, to Point of Ayr, Flintshire. 

 By C. E. De Range, Stoke-upon- Trent. 



1. Pensam, near Abergele, Denbighshire, to Point of Ayr, Flintshire. 



2. Sand dunes, a. Sand between Rhyl and Prestatyn, the dunes being wasted at 



high tides by the sea. b. 25 feet; 14 feet ; 5 feet. 



3. E.N.E. 



4. W.N.W. 



5. a. N.W. b. N.W. c. W.N.W. 



6. W.S.W. to E.N.E. 



7. a. (1) 27 feet. b. 14 feet. (2) At Rhyl, 700 yards; at Rhyl, 600 yards. 



Equinoctial spring-tide at Rhyl, October 6, 1873, was 17 feet above O.D. ; 

 high water-mark of 16 feet ; tide, 11-43 feet above O.D. ; low water of the 

 same, 10 feet below O.D. 



