378 REPORT— 1895. 



S. Sand with a narrow belt of shingle. 



9. a> 80 to 100 j-ards. b. Above neap tide, high water-mark. c. E.N.E. d. Between 

 Abergele and the mouth of the Clwyd 5 to 7 inches ; also in the .shingle banks 

 east of Prestatyn opposite Gronant, which project E.N.E. from the land 

 towards the mouth of the Dee, the slope is steep and the banks above 12 feet 

 in height. Between Rhyl and Prestatyn the pebbles are small, and chieliy 

 derived from the Clwyd, which cuts oS the eastward passage of the shingle. 



XI. At the mouth of the Clwyd it is diminishing, large quantities being daily 

 removed bj^ flats and taken to Liverpool for ballast. At Rhyl it also wasted 

 away. 



3.Z. No. 



13. Shingle is removed for building purposes by private individuals, with the consent 

 of the local authoritj-, who also take it for footpaths. 



Ift. Between Abergele and Rhyl the coast is embanked by the London and North- 

 western Railway, a. Previously there was great denudation, and Abergele 

 parish formerly is stated by tradition to have extended far out to sea. and this 

 is supported to some extent by a tombstone, in the churchyard, with a Welsh 

 inscription of the sixteenth century. 



17. Sand dunes, rising to about 2(j feet, extend from Pensarn, near Abergele, to the 

 point of Ayr, except at Rhyl, where they have been removed artiticiall}-. 

 c. Dunes occur on both banks of the River Clwyd ; they rest in all cases on 

 shingle, e. Stopped by growth of ' Starr' grass. 

 , 3.8. Mr. Fergie Hall, F.Or.S., has described the probable wasting of Denbighshire, in 

 historical times, in the ' Trans. Geol. Soc. of Liverpool,' 1869. 



Hoylake to Birkenhead, Cheshire. 

 By C. E. De Rance, 55 Stoke Road, Stoke-upon-Trent. 



1. Hoylake to Birkenhead, Cheshire. 



2. a. Between Hoylake and New Brighton sand dunes rising to .SO feet above high 



water-mark ; these rest on peat buds and grey estuarinc, extending out to low 

 water-mark, Ij'ing on boulder clay. b. At Leasowc an artificial embankment 

 is constructed on peat beds below high water-mark. 



3. E.N.E. 

 •a. AV. to N. 



■5. a. W. to N. b. N.W. c. W.S.W. 



•6. W.S.W. 



'7. (1) a. 27 feet. b. 14 feet. (2) 000 yards. The .shore is known as :\Iookbeggar 

 Wharf, the seaward margin of which is traversed by the Rock C'hainiel, outside 

 of which is the North Bank, a tract of sand several miles in extent. 



'S. The Hundred of Wirral in Cheshire is remarkable for its extent of coast-line. 

 Rock occurs at Burton Point, Hilbre Point, New Brighton, and at Eastham. 

 Shingle occurs from Nestor to West Kirby. Sand and peat from West Kirby 

 to the Red Noses near New Brighton. 



S. a. 50 to 100 feet in the estuary of the Dee. b. Immediately under the glacial 

 drift clitf. c. S.S.E. on the east coast of the Dee. d. 3 to -4 inches, e. One 

 slope under the cliff. 



lO. Constant now, but former!}- diminished. 



H. Being taken in ' flats ' to Liverpool for ballast ; this was stopped b}- the Crown 

 agents, as it caused great erosion of the soft clay cliffs by exposing their base 

 to the tidal current. 



3.2. No ; nor in the Dee, but between Hoylake and the Red Noses fascines are 

 placed on the peaty shore, which wastes considerably except in the central 

 portion, where it is protected by the Leasowe embankment. 



:14. a. Between Hoylake and New Brighton various old neaps show constant wear- 

 ing back of the coast. The Leasowe Lighthouse having to be moved, the coast 

 shows a much diminished outline to that found by the Ordnance Survey about 

 forty years ago. b. No cliffs occur, c. The rate is over a yard a jear. 

 e. No shingle occurs. 



16. None. 



1.7. The dunes commence against a rock slope at West Kirbj', and terminate 

 against a similar slope at New Brighton, b. They rise to about 30 feet and 



