524 REPOBT— 1895. 



I. Physical Characteristics of the Tribes op the North 



Pacific Coast. 



In the Seventh Report of the Committee I pointed out that the region 

 around Harrison Lake is inhabited by a peculiar type of man, differing 

 considerably from the types found in the neighbourhood. It seemed 

 desirable to investigate the characteristics of the people of the surrounding 

 country, in order to better define the locality inhabited by this type and 

 to discover in what manner the transition between the distinct types of 

 this region takes place. For this purpose I collected anthropometric data 

 in the region lying between Harrison Lake and Thompson River. This 

 country is inhabited by the Ntlakya'pamuQ, a tribe speaking a Salish 

 language which has developed very slight dialectic differences only. The 

 people of this tribe live in a great many villages which are scattered along 

 Fraser and Thompson Rivers ; but the villages are grouped in five sub- 

 divisions of the tribe, which are named as follows : the Uta'mk-t, who 

 live between Spuzzum and Keefers ; the Ntlakyapamuq'o'e, or real 

 Ntlakya'pamuQ, whose territory extends from a little above Keefers to a 

 ■point above Thompson Siding on Thompson River, and about twenty 

 miles up Fraser River from Lytton ; the Nkamtci'nEmuQ, from Thompson 

 Siding to Ashcroft on Thompson River ; StlaQa'yuQ, on the upper part of 

 Fraser River, between the Lillooet and the NtlakyapamuQo'e ; and finally, 

 the Cawa'QamuQ, of Nicola Valley. For the purpose of my investigation 

 I kept these divisions separate. 



Furthermore, the anthropometric material given in the Seventh Report 

 of the Committee was very insufficient so far as the northern parts of the 

 coast are concerned. For the purpose of filling this gap I collected data 

 among the Nass River Indians and among the Kwakiutl. The technique 

 of the measurements was the same as that described in the Seventh Report 

 of the Committee. I have added to the material which I collected for the 

 Committee other data which were collected under my direction for the 

 Anthropological Department of the World's Columbian Exposition ; but I 

 have refrained from the use of the head measurements which were gathered 

 at that time, as these would extend the scope of the Report beyond desirable 

 limits. 



A glance at the tables (p. 544) will show that a very material change of 

 type takes place somewhere between Vancouver Island and Skeena River. 

 For this reason it is necessary to compare the various Kwakiutl tribes 

 among each other before combining them, in order to see if there is any 

 appreciable difference between them. According to their location, I have 

 combined the material which I collected in the following manner : First, 

 tribes of the Nak'oartok group, embracing the Goasila and Nak'oartok ; 

 second, tribes of the Koskimo group, embracing the extreme northern 

 tribes of the Ncotka, the Kwakiutl tribes of the west coast of Vancouver 

 Island, of Cape Scott and Newettee ; third, the Kwakiutl group, em- 

 bracing the Kwakiutl proper and all the tribes of this group south-east of 

 Fort Rupert. 



The following tables show the results of this comparison : — 



