ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 529 



Kwakiutl, so far as tliey are represented in my measurements, belong to 

 one type, the tables reveal considerable differences among the subdivisions 

 of the Ntlakya'pamuQ. Besides the groups named above, I subdivided 

 the Uta'mk-t into two groups, that of Spuzzum and that of the villages 

 higher up Fraser River. Unfortunately, in the limited time at my dis- 

 posal, I was unable to obtain measurements of the StIaQa'yuQ of Fraser 

 River and of the Cawa'QamuQ of Nicola Valley. A study of the last- 

 named group would be of interest on account of the admixture of Tinneh 

 blood in this region. 



In the following pages the measurements and a few tables which 

 show the principal results obtained by their means are given. 



It will be seen (pp. 530 and 531) that the statures of men and women of 

 the different tribes are nearly arranged in the same order, differences ap- 

 pearing only in cases where the number of observations is very small. I 

 have given the averages of the various series, not because I consider the 

 ■averages as the typical values of the tribes, but because they give a con- 

 venient index for purposes of comparison. The table shows a gradual 

 "decrease in stature as we go southward along the coast from Alaska to 

 Fraser River. In the series for men the stature decreases from 173 cm. 

 among the Tlingit to 169 cm. among the Haida and Tsimshian ; while 

 the Nass River tribes, who live farther inland, and who are probably 

 mixed with Tinneh tribes of the interior, are only 167 cm. tall, the 

 Tinneh of the interior being in their turn only 164 cm. tall. As we 

 proceed southward, the stature decreases to 166 cm. among the Bilqula, 

 164 among the Kwakiutl, 162 in the Delta of Fraser River, and reaches 

 its minimum of 158 cm. on the shores of Harrison Lake. As we go 

 southward, the stature increases again, but its distribution becomes very 

 irregular. The Salish tribes of Puget Sound and the Yakonan, Tinneh, 

 and other tribes of Oregon have a stature of 165 cm. It seems that the 

 Clallam and Nanaimo represent a taller people, but I am not quite certain 

 of this, as some of the taller half-breeds may have been included in these 

 series. On Columbia River the Chinook, who extend from Dalles to the 

 ■coast, represent a taller type of a stature of 169 cm., which may be con- 

 sidered as a continuation of the tall Sahaptin type, which has a stature of 

 170 cm. South of the Oregonian Tinneh the stature increases slightly, 

 reaching 168 cm. among the Klamath, and sinking again to 166 among 

 the Hoopa. The tribes of California, who lived north of San Francisco, 

 and who are gathered on the Round Valley Reservation, near Cape 

 Mendocino, represent a very short type of 162 cm. only, which is also 

 distinguished by its elongated head. When we consider the stature of 

 the inland tribes, we may say that the stature decreases north and south 

 from Columbia River. The Sahaptin, a people of a stature of 170 cm., 

 represent the tallest type ; northward we find the Spokane and Okanagau 

 168 cm. tall, the Shuswap of South Thompson River of the same stature, 

 while those of North Thompson River measure 167 cm. only. The Chil- 

 ootin measure only 164 cm. Along Columbia River the tall stature 

 extends to the sea. In the part of Oregon east of the Cascade Range, and 

 in western Nevada, we find statures of 168 cm., while the Shoshone 

 tribes of Idaho and Utah measure 166 cm. only. 



I have added to these tribes the Eskimo of Alaska and those of 

 Labrador. It will be seen that, while the latter are exceedingly short 

 1895. Vji 



