ON THE NOKTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. oi-O 



over the face is also very slight only. The bridge is generally concave, 

 and very flat between the eyes. The Kvvakiutl are somewhat shorter, 

 their bodies are relatively longer, their arms and legs shorter than those 

 of the first group. The dimensions of the head are very nearly the same, 

 but the face shows a remarkably different type, which distinguishes it 

 fundamentally from the faces of all the other groups. The breadth of the 

 face exceeds only slightly the average breadth of face of the Indian, but 

 its height is enormous. The same may be said of the nose, which is very 

 high and relatively narrow. Its elevation is also very great. The nasal 

 bones are strongly developed, and form a steep arch, tlieir lower end 

 rising high above the face. This causes a very strongly hooked nose to 

 be found frequently among the Kwakiutl, while that type of nose is almost 

 absent in all other parts of the Pacific coast. This feature is so strongly 

 marked that individuals of this group may be recognised with a con- 

 siderable degree of certainty by the form of the face and of the nose 

 alone. It will be noticed that in this group the facial and the nasal 

 indices of the women indicate that their faces ai-e more leptoprosopic, 

 their noses more leptorrhinic, than those of the men, while among almost 

 all races the reverse is the case. This fact led me first to suspect that 

 the artificial deformation which is more strongly developed among women 

 might be the cause of the peculiar form of the face of this tribe. I have 

 shown, however, in the preceding pages that the observations give no 

 countenance to this theory. Besides this the Bilqula show the same 

 features and the same relation between the two sexes, although the heads 

 of the men are not deformed, and those of the women are deformed in a 

 different manner. The measurements of Bilqula women can, however, 

 claim no great weight, as they are too few in number. 



The Harrison Lake type has a very short stature. Tlie head is ex- 

 ceedingly short and broad, surpassing in this respect all other forms known 

 to exist in North America. The face is not very wide, but very low, thus 

 producing a chamseprosopic form the proportions of which resemble those 

 of the Nass River face, while its dimensions are much smaller. In this 

 small face we find a nose which is absolutely higher than that of the Nass 

 River Indian with his huge face. It is, at the same time, rather narrow. 

 The lower portion of the face appears very small, as may be seen by 

 subtracting the height of the nose from that of the face, which gives an 

 approximate measure of the distance from septum to chin. The values 

 of this measurement for the four types are 69, 73, 62, and 67 mm. 

 respectively. 



The Shuswap represent a type which is found all over the interior of 

 British Columbia, Idaho, Washington, and Oregon, so far as they are in- 

 habited by Salishan and Sahaptin tribes. Their stature is approximately 

 168 cm. The head is shorter than that of the tribes of Northern British 

 Columbia or of the Indians of the plains. The face has the average height 

 of the Indian face, being higher than that of the Nass River Indians, but 

 lower than that of the Kwakiutl. The nose is high and wide, and has the 

 characteristic Indian form, which is rare in most parts of the coast. The 

 facial and nasal indices are intermediate between those of the Kwakiutl 

 and of the Nass River tribes. 



I marked together with the measurements of the Indians certain 



descriptive features. I give here a tabulation of these observations, 



but only those taken during the journey of 1894, as I find that it is very 



difiicult to compare descriptive features on account of the large personal 



1895. N N 



